Autophagy inducer D61 is a small molecule autophagy inducer with antibacterial activity, induces LC3II and promotes aggregation of LC3II near Salmonella.D61 (25 uM) reduced the bacterial load (GFP signal in RAW 264.7 macrophages) by 20-fold, with IC50 of 1.3 μM in the SAFIRE assay.D61 antibacterial activity depends on the VPS34 complex and on ATG5.D61 also reduced Salmonella load in the spleens and livers of infected mice.D61 antibacterial activity in macrophages is synergistic with the antibiotic chloramphenicol but that this synergy is largely independent of the known autophagy-stimulating activity of chloramphenicol.Salmonella enterica is a natural bacterial pathogen of humans and animals that causes systemic infection or gastroenteritis.

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