Metanephrine is the O-methylated metabolite of epinephrine that can be used for the research of diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

UDP-Galactose is a monosaccharide involved in nucleotide sugar metabolism. UDP-Galactose and its derivatives act as a natural agonist for Gi protein-conjugated P2Y14 receptors in the immune system (IC50=0.67 μM, hP2Y14).

Galactonic acid is a sugar acid that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose dehydrogenase is responsible for converting galactose to galactonolactone, which then spontaneously or enzymatically converts to galactonic acid.

Mannose 1-phosphate is an endogenous metabolite. Mannose 1-phosphate can be used to synthesize GDP-Man by the enzyme GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase.

TRH Precursor Peptide is a precursor peptide of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH Precursor Peptide formation of TRH in rat brain and pituitary is zinc-dependent.

Saccharopine (L-Saccharopine) hydrochloride, a lysine degradation intermediate, is a mitochondrial toxin. Lysine and α-ketoglutarate are converted into Saccharopine hydrochloride by the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase. Saccharopine hydrochloride is then oxidized to α-aminoapidate semialdehyde and glutamate by the saccharopine dehydrogenase. Saccharopine hydrochloride impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis.

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

7-Hydroxymethotrexate-d3 is the deuterium labeled 7-Hydroxymethotrexate. 7-Hydroxymethotrexate is a major metabolite of Methotrexate. Methotrexate, an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis.

AMP-Deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM) is a potent ceramide glucosyltransferase and GCase 2 inhibitor. AMP-Deoxynojirimycin also is a GlcCer biosynthesis inhibitor.

EA4, a derivative of quinone, is an inhibitor for both rPLA and cPLA. EA4 can inhibit rPLA2 with a Ki value of 130 μM. EA4 can be used for the research of hemostasis, thrombosis, and erythropoiesis.

PAT-347 is an Autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor. ATX is a secretory enzyme that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and regulates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in the blood.

Etazolate hydrochloride (SQ 20009) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) with an IC50 of 2 μM. Etazolate hydrochloride is a γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor regulator. Etazolate hydrochloride is an α-secretase activator and induced the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα). Etazolate hydrochloride, a pyrazolopyridine class derivative, increases cAMP levels. Etazolate hydrochloride has anxiolyticlike, antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects.

CAY10581, a pyranonaphthoquinone derivative, is a highly specific and reversible uncompetitive IDO Inhibitor with an IC50 of 55 nM.

ASPER-29 is Asperphenamate analog. ASPER-29 also is a dual cathepsin L and S inhibitor with IC50 value of 6.03 μM and 5.02 μM, respectively. ASPER-29 can be used for the research of the migration and invasion of cancer.

Bradykinin potentiator C is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.1 μM for rabbit lung ACE. Bradykinin potentiator C is a postulated prototype of functional peptide.

18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate (Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-(hydrogen sulfate)) is a potent type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.10 µM using rat kidney microsome. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the major metabolite of Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate is the substrate of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3. 18β-Glycyrrhetyl-3-O-sulfate has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for pseudohyperaldosteronism research.

YC-1(Lificiguat) is a soluble guanylyl cyclase(sGC) activator; binds to the heme-containing domain of the β subunit with Kd value of 0.6-1.1 μM in the presence of CO.

VTP-27999 is an alkyl amine Renin inhibitor; VTP-27999 is useful for Hypertension and End-Organ Diseases.

Vesnarinone is a quinolinone derivative, and its pharmacodynamic effects include inhibition of phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) activity, increases in calcium flux and decreases in potassium flux.

VAS2870 is a selective inhibitor of the NADPH oxidases.

Vardenafil is a PDE5 inhibitor used for treating erectile dysfunction.

U-104 is a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor for CA IX and CA XII with Ki of 45.1 nM and 4.5 nM; low inhibition for CA I and CA II.

TPI-1 is a potent and selective SHP-1 inhibitor effective at low nanomolar levels.

TOK-001 is a multifunctional antiandrogen and CYP17 inhibitor(IC50=47 nM) in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

TM5275 is an orally available, potent and selective inhibitor of PAI-1 that delivers antithrombotic benefits devoid of bleeding effect in nonhuman primates.

Tipifarnib (IND 58359; R115777) is a potent and specific farnesyltransferase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 nM.

SW033291 is a potent inhibitor of 15-PGDH enzyme with IC50 value of 1.5 nM and dissociation constant Ki app value of 0.1 nM.

SQ 22536 is a inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase (IC50 = 1.4 μM).

Sivelestat(ONO5046; LY544349; EI546) is a competitive inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase(IC50 = 44 nM; Ki=200 nM); also inhibited leukocyte elastase obtained from rabbit, rat, hamster and mouse.

SHP099 is a selective, orally bioavailable, and efficacious SHP2 inhibitor with IC50 =0.07 μM and p-ERK modulation in cells IC50 = 0.250 μM.