Lauric acid-13C is the 13C labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.

Myristic acid-13C3 is the 13C labeled Myristic acid. Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.

Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium is synthesized via the de novo synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis in a large number of microorganisms including M. tuberculosis, S. cerevisiae, S. typhimurium and P. falciparum to name a few. The synthesis of orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium uses phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotic acid (OA) as the substrates catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT).

L-Tryptophan-1-13C (Tryptophan-1-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.

L-Tryptophan-13C (Tryptophan-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Tryptophan. L-Tryptophan (Tryptophan) is an essential amino acid that is the precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3.

L-Tyrosine-13C9 is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

L-Homoarginine-13C7,15N4 hydrochloride is the 13C- and 15N-labeled H-HomoArg-OH.HCl. H-HomoArg-OH.HCl is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Lysine-13C6 dihydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Lysine dihydrochloride. L-lysine dihydrochloride is an essential amino acid with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions.

L-Histidine-13C6 (H-His-OH-13C6) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Histidine-13C6,15N3 (H-His-OH-13C6,15N3) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Glutamic acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

L-Proline-13C5,1-15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Proline. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

Itaconic acid-13C5 is the 13C labeled Itaconic acid. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors.

L-Ornithine-1,2,3,4,5-13C5 hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.

L-Methionine-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

L-Valine-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

L-Methionine-13C5,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

L-Valine-13C5,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

L-Threonine-13C4,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Threonine. L-Threonine is a natural amino acid, can be produced by microbial fermentation, and is used in food, medicine, or feed.

L-Aspartic acid-13C4 is the 13C-labeled L-Aspartic acid. L-Aspartic acid is is an amino acid, shown to be a suitable prodrug for colon-specific drug deliverly.

L-Cysteine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

L-Alanine-13C3 (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C3) is the 13C-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

L-Serine-13C3,15N ((-)-Serine-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

L-Cysteine 13C3,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

L-Alanine-13C3,15N (L-2-Aminopropionic acid-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Alanine. L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.

β-Alanine-13C3,15N (2-Carboxyethylamine-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled β-Alanine. β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.

Glycine-13C2 is the 13C-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

Glycine-13C2,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Glycine. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

Linoleic acid-13C18 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .