Stachyose, a small alkaloid, act as a hypoglycemic agent.

Isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a major flavonoid compound, is metabolized in vivo by intestinal bacteria to isorhamnetin and that isorhamnetin plays an important role as an antioxidant.

Corymbiferin is one of active constituents, responsible for anti-diabetic properties. Corymbiferin improves antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats, along with the improvement of histopathology of livers and pancreatic β cells.

7-Acetyllycopsamine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is a mild hepatotoxin. 7-Acetyllycopsamine can induce liver inflammation in mice.

Rhaponticin 6′′-O-gallate is a stilbene glucoside gallate that can be found in rhizome of Rheum undulatum L. Rhaponticin 6′′-O-gallate inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.

Rhaponticin 2''-O-gallate, as a stilbene glucoside gallate, inhibits NO production.

Regaloside H, a phenylpropanoid glycerol glucoside, is a gluconeogenesis inhibitor. Regaloside H can reduce glucose production in Hepatocytes.

Matairesinol monoglucoside, a lignan compound, exhibits low activity on IFN-γ/STAT1 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways with inhibition ratio of 5.8% and 7.0%, respectively.

Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside is an antioxidant with an IC50 of 26.6 μM (DPPH assay).

DMAPP (Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid precursor. DMAPP, as an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), exists in virtually all life forms.

Emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside is an anthraquinone.

Gingerglycolipid A is a monoacyldigalactosyl glycerol.

Eupalinolide H, a sesquiterpene lactone, has the potential to be used as natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Quercetin 3-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucoside (Tellimoside) is a flavonol glycoside with strong inhibitory activity against the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa.

Luteolin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid with antiradical activity.

Echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glucoside is a metabolite of Echinocystic acid by microbial oxidation and glucosidation. Echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glucoside is a tissue factor pathway inhibitor, with an IC50 of 10.61 nM.

Pelargonidin 3-galactoside chloride is a major anthocyanin with anticancer effects. Pelargonidin 3-galactoside chloride inhibits α-glucosidase.

Salvianolic acid Y is a phenolic acid with the same planar structure as Salvianolic acid B. Salvianolic acid Y rescues cell injury by H2O2.

γ-Asarone, a phenylpropene, shows strong correlation with the biological activities (anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects).

Tumulosic acid, a triterpenoid, inhibits KLK5 protease activity (IC50= 14.84 μM). Tumulosic acid suppresses the proteolytic processing of LL-37 in keratinocytes at ≤10 μM.

Tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone is a phenolic and flavonoid compound. Tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone is found to enhance myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone plays important roles in myogenesis and muscle regeneration.

Tarasaponin IV, as an oleanane-type triterpene saponin, is isolated from the bark of Aralia elata. Tarasaponin IV can be used for the research of cancer.

S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione is a glutathione derivative. S-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)glutathione inhibits the in vitro binding of kainic acid to brain glutamate receptors, with an IC50 of 2 μM.

Neolancerin is a natural product with weak cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells.

Methyl (E)-cinnamate (EMC), a phytochemical constituent isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, is a natural flavor compound with anti-inflammatory properties. Methyl (E)-cinnamate is widely used in the food and commodity industry.

Malvidin (chloride) is a bioactive compound isolated from Oryza sativacv. Heugjinjubyeo. Malvidin shows cytotoxicity through the arrest of the G2/M phase of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Malvidin can be used for the research of cancer.

Loureiriol is a homoisoflavonoid with weak anticancer effects.

Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside is a bioactive constituent that can be found in the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentiobioside exhibits significant triglyceride (TG)-lowering effects in HepG2 cells.

Hellebrigenol is a metabolite of bufadienolides with antitumor activity.

Heishuixiecaoline A is a germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid. Heishuixiecaoline A shows protective effect on the neurotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35.