Deutetrabenazine, also known as SD-809 and Tetrabenazine-d6, is an investigational, oral, small-molecule inhibitor of vesicular monoamine 2 transporter, or VMAT2, that is designed to regulate the levels of a specific neurotransmitter, dopamine, in the brain. Deutetrabenazine is a deuterated tetrabenazine. SD-809 is being developed for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease, a neurodegenerative movement disorder that impacts cognition, behavior, and movements. Teva is investigating the broad potential of SD-809 for treating additional movements disorders such as tardive dyskinesia and tics associated with Tourette syndrome.

Deslorelin is a gonadotropin releasing hormone super-agonist (GnRH agonist) also known as an LHRH agonist. It stops the production of sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen). It is currently approved for use in veterinary medicine and is used to induce ovulation in mares as part of the artificial insemination process. It is also used to stabilize high-risk pregnancies, mainly of livestock. Unlike other GnRH agonists, which are mainly used to inhibit luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by their ultimate downregulation of the pituitary gland.

Hydrocinchonine is an Alkaloid from Olea europaea. Hydrocinchonine is found in fruits.

Levobupivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by Abbott under the trade name Chirocaine. Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 percent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine and has a longer motor block onset time.

Cetilistat, also known as ATL-962, is a drug designed to treat obesity. It acts in the same way as the older drug orlistat (Xenical) by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in the intestine. Without this enzyme, triglycerides from the diet are prevented from being hydrolyzed into absorbable free fatty acids and are excreted undigested.

Carisbamate, also known as JNJ-10234094, RWJ 333369 and YKP-509, is an antiepileptic candidate. Carisbamate has powerful disease-modifying effects in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Carisbamate inhibits glutamate transmission in the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. Carisbamate acutely suppresses spasms in a rat model of symptomatic infantile spasms.

Amifampridine is used as a drug, predominantly in the treatment of a number of rare muscle diseases. The phosphate salt of amifampridine is a more stable formulation that does not require refrigeration. In the United States, amifampridine is under investigation for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Amifampridine is also used to treat many of the congenital myasthenic syndromes, particularly those with defects in choline acetyltransferase, downstream kinase 7, and those where any kind of defect causes "fast channel" behaviour of the acetylcholine receptor.

GABOB, also known as γ-Amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, β-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid, β-hydroxy-GABA, is an anticonvulsant which is used for the treatment of epilepsy in Europe, Japan, and Mexico. It is also an endogenous active metabolite and analogue of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and for this reason, may function as a neurotransmitter itself.

Remogliflozin etabonate, also known as GSK 189075A or GSK 189075, is a SGLT2 inhibitor under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Remogliflozin etabonate is a pro-drug of remogliflozin. Remogliflozin inhibits the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT), which are responsible for glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Blocking this transporter causes blood glucose to be eliminated through the urine. Remogliflozin is selective for SGLT2.

Nesbuvir, also known as HCV-796 and VB-19796, is a potent and selective NS5B polymerase inhibitor with potent anti-hepatitis C virus activity in vitro, in mice with chimeric human livers, and in humans infected with hepatitis C virus. Enzyme assays yielded median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 0.01 to 0.14 microM for genotype 1, with half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)s) of 5 nM and 9 nM against genotype 1a and 1b replicons. HCV796 demonstrated potent anti-HCV activity consistently through enzyme inhibition assays, subgenomic replicon, and chimeric mouse studies.

Cariprazine, also known as RGH-188 and MP-214, is an antipsychotic drug received FDA approval on September 17, 2015. Cariprazine acts as a D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist, with high selectivity towards the D3 receptor. Action on the dopaminergic systems makes it also potentially useful as an add-on therapy in major depressive disorder. Cariprazine is approved for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It has also been investigated as a potential adjunct in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

Drinabant, also known as AVE1625, is a selective CB1 receptor antagonist under investigation varyingly as a treatment for obesity, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and nicotine dependence. AVE1625 may be useful to treat the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and as a co-treatment with currently available antipsychotics. In addition, an improved side-effect profile was seen, with potential to ameliorate the EPS and weight gain issues with currently available treatments.

Indeglitazar, also known as PPM-204 and PLX-204, is an orally available peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist for all three PPAR subtypes alpha (α), delta (δ) and gamma under development for for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Arhalofenate, also known as JNJ-39659100 and MBX102, ) is a selective, partial PPAR-γ agonist that lowers glucose in the absence of some of the side effects, such as weight gain and edema, that are observed with the TZDs. Arhalofenate also displays pronounced triglyceride lowering in preclinical rodent models and in humans.

Levoglucose, also known as L-Glucose, is the L-isomer of glucose. It is the enantiomer of the more common D-glucose. L-Glucose does not occur naturally in higher living organisms, but can be synthesized in the laboratory. L-Glucose is indistinguishable in taste from D-glucose, but cannot be used by living organisms as source of energy because it cannot be phosphorylated by hexokinase, the first enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. Levoglucose may be used as diagnostic aid.

Fiboflapon, also known as AM-803 and GSK2190915, is a potent, oral, once daily FLAP inhibitor (5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor). GSK2190915 attenuated the early (0-2 h) and late (4-10 h) asthmatic responses to inhaled allergen compared with placebo. GSK2190915 shows potential as a treatment for patients with asthma. Efficacy was demonstrated for GSK2190915 30 mg compared with placebo in day-time symptom scores and day-time SABA use.

Lumiracoxib, also known as CGS 35189 and COX 189, is a COX-2 selective inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, manufactured by Novartis and still sold in few countries, including Mexico, Ecuador and the Dominican Republic, under the trade name Prexige. Since its original approval, lumiracoxib has been withdrawn from the market in several countries, mostly due to its potential for causing liver failure (sometimes requiring liver transplantation). It has never been approved for use in the United States.

Kebuzone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Kebuzone also known shown analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory activities. Kebuzone acts by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

Etelcalcetide is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. Etelcalcetide is administered intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. It functions by binding to and activating the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the parathyroid gland as an allosteric activator, resulting in PTH reduction and suppression. Elevated PTH is often observe in patients with CKD. AMG 416 is in clinic trials for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients.

Sodium phenylbutyrate is used to treat urea cycle disorders, because its metabolites offer an alternative pathway to the urea cycle to allow excretion of excess nitrogen. It is an orphan drug, marketed by Ucyclyd Pharma under the trade name Buphenyl, by Swedish Orphan International (Sweden) as Ammonaps, and by Fyrlkl?vern Scandinavia as triButyrate. Sodium phenylbutyrate is also a histone deacetylase inhibitor and chemical chaperone, leading respectively to research into its use as an anti-cancer agent and in protein misfolding diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

Norharmane is a β-Carboline alkaloid that is widespread in plants and animals, and frequently act as benzodiazepine inverse agonists. Norharmane showed a potent inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.27 mM for maltase and 0.41 mM for sucrase, respectively. A Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that norharman inhibited α-glucosidase enzyme uncompetitively, with a Ki value of 0.13 mM.

Ertiprotafib, also known as PTP-112, is a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor (PTP1B inhibitor). Ertiprotafib normalized the plasma glucose and insulin levels in diabetic animal models, and progressed to a phase II clinical trial. Ertiprotafib is potentially useful for the treatment of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes. Ertiprotafib improves glycemic control and lowers lipids via multiple mechanisms. Ertiprotafib is also a potent inhibitor of IkappaB kinase beta (IKK-beta), with an IC(50) of 400nM.

Cefiderocol, also known as S-649266, is a potent siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with a catechol moiety on the 3-position side chain. S-649266 shows potent in vitro activity against the non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, including MDR strains such as carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa. S-649266 showed potent in vitro activities against A. baumannii producing carbapenemases such as OXA-type β-lactamases, and P. aeruginosa producing metallo-β-lactamases such as IMP type and VIM type. FDA approved this drug in 11/14/2019 To treat patients with complicated urinary tract infections who have limited or no alternative treatment options

Pranidipine, also known as OPC-13340 and FRC 8411, is a potent and selective calcium channel blocker potentially for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. Pranidipine enhances nitric oxide-induced vascular relaxation. pranidipine prevents the left ventricular remodeling process accompanied by systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and inhibits abnormal cardiac gene expression after myocardial infarction.

Verubecestat, also known as MK-8931 or SCH 900931, is a potent and selective beta-secretase inhibitor, and BACE1 protein inhibitor or Beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor. Verubecestat is a promising novel therapeutic drug candidate in Alzheimer's disease. Verubecestat reduced Aβ cerebral spinal fluids (CSF) levels up to 92% and was well tolerated by patients.

Avoralstat, also known as BCX-4161, is a potent and orally active Kallikrein inhibitor and Bradykinin inhibitor. Avoralstat may be potentially useful for treatment for Hereditary angioedema. Avoralstat inhibits plasma kallikrein and suppresses bradykinin production. Bradykinin is the mediator of acute swelling attacks in HAE patients.

Quetiapine, marketed as Seroquel, is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is also sometimes used as a sleep aid because of its sedating effect but this use is not recommended. Quetiapine is a dopamine, serotonin, and adrenergic antagonist, and a potent antihistamine with clinically negligible anticholinergic properties. Quetiapine binds strongly to serotonin receptors; the drug acts as partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptors.

Bimolane is a topoisomerase II inhibitor. Bimolane has been widely used in China as an anti-neoplastic agent and for the treatment of psoriasis. Bimolane is also a leukemogenic agent and is thought to exert its effects through the inhibition of topoisomerase II. The results of enzyme and DNA titration assays indicate that inhibition of topoisomerase II by bimolane occurred through interactions with DNA, similar to the mechanism seen with the epipodophyllotoxin-type inhibitors. These results provide evidence that bimolane is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II in vitro.

Ziprazidone is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and acute mania and mixed states associated with bipolar disorder. Its intramuscular injection form is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients for whom treatment with just ziprasidone is appropriate. The mechanism of action of ziprasidone, as with other drugs having efficacy in schizophrenia, is unknown. However, it has been proposed that this drug's efficacy in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of dopamine type 2 (D2) and serotonin type 2 (5HT2) antagonism. As with other drugs having efficacy in bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action of ziprasidone in bipolar disorder is unknown.

Vigabatrin, also known as gamma-vinyl-GABA, is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits the breakdown of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by acting as a suicide inhibitor of GABA transaminase (GABA-T). It is a structural analog of GABA, but does not bind to GABA receptors. Vigabatrin is an irreversible suicide inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GABA, which increases the level of GABA in the brain. Vigabatrin is a racemic compound, and its [S]-enantiomer is pharmacologically active.