Kazinol U inhibits melanogenesis through the inhibition of tyrosinase-related proteins via AMPK activation.

MARK-IN-4 is a potent microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 nM. Inhibition of microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) represents a potentially attractive means of arresting neurofibrillary tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride ameliorates ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage by stimulating AMPK-mediated autophagy.

Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative, contributes to weight loss in mice. Guanidine hydrochloride is the compound derived from G. officinalis, which gave rise to the biguanides, metformin and phenformin. Galegine hydrochloride activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, as well as in the H4IIE rat hepatoma and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Galegine hydrochloride has antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide), a widely used drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes. Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells throu

AMPK activator 4 is a potent AMPK activator without inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. AMPK activator 4 selectively activates AMPK in the muscle tissues. AMPK activator 4 dose-dependently improves glucose tolerance in normal mice, and significantly lowers fasting blood glucose level and ameliorates insulin resistance in db/db diabetic mice. Anti-hyperglycemic effect.

MOTS-c(human) acetate is a mitochondrial-derived peptide. MOTS-c(human) acetate induces the accumulation of AMP analog AICAR, increases activation of AMPK and expression of its downstream GLUT4. MOTS-c(human) acetate induces glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c(human) acetate has implications in the regulation of obesity, diabetes, exercise, and longevity.

Marein has the neuroprotective effect due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway. Marein improves insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 100 μM. Marein has beneficial antioxidative, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic effects.

Buformin (1-Butylbiguanide) is a potent and orally active biguanide antidiabetic agent, an?AMPK?activator. Buformin decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and lowers blood glucose production in vivo. Buformin also has anti-cancer activities and is applied in cancer study (such as, cervical cancer and breast cancer, et al).

Metformin D6 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes research. Metformin hydrochloride triggers autophagy.

ZLN024 Hcl is a novel AMPK allosteric activator; activated α1β1γ1 and α2β1γ1 by around 2–2.5 fold with an EC50 of about 1–2 uM. IC50 value: 1-2 uM (EC50) [1] Target: AMPK activator ZLN024 activated AMPK in L6 myotubes and stimulated glucose uptake and

AMPK activator 991 is an allosteric AMPK activator, activates non-phosphorylated Thr172 AMPK in vitro binds to α1β1γ1 and α2β1γ1 with Kd of 0.13 and 0.17 uM, respectively..

A potent, allosteric, α1-selective small molecule activator of AMPK (EC50=20 nM).

A novel potent, pan-AMPK activator with similar potency for all AMPK heterotrimers.