XEN-602 represents a breakthrough in DMT1 pharmacology as a picomolar-range inhibitor of divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2), demonstrating unprecedented selectivity for manganese transport blockade (IC₅₀ = 300 pM in HEK293 cells). This structurally optimized small molecule achieves complete suppression of DMT1-mediated Mn²⁺ uptake while maintaining exceptional target specificity, as evidenced by minimal interference with other metal transporters. Its unmatched potency enables precise interrogation of DMT1's physiological roles and therapeutic exploration for manganese dysregulation disorders.

GSK682753A is a selective and highly potent inverse agonist of the epstein-barr virus-induced receptor 2 (EBI2) with an IC50 of 53.6 nM.

DOCK5-IN-C21 functions as an allosteric inhibitor targeting the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK5, effectively modulating its activity through a non-competitive mechanism.

VU0466551 is a targeted activator that specifically modulates homomeric G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK1) channels, demonstrating its selectivity for this ion channel subtype.

Duvelisib (IPI-145) is a selective inhibitor of the p110δ isoform, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.5 nM, 27.4 nM, 85 nM, and 1602 nM for p110δ, p110γ, p110β, and p110α, respectively, highlighting its specificity and potency.

ZYS-1 has inhibition effect on RNA adenosine deaminase 1(ADAR1), and can be used for preventing and/or treating cancer or tumor-related diseases.

COTI-2 is a small molecule candidate anti-cancer drug which can convert mutant p53 to wild-type conformation.

Acoramidis (AG10) is an orally administered, highly selective kinetic stabilizer effective for both wild-type and V122I-TTR (transthyretin) variants. It is actively investigated as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis.

Setmelanotide (RM-493, BIM-22493, CAM 4072) is a cyclic peptide full agonist of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) with an EC50 of 0.27 nM and a Ki of 2.1 nM.

NPS-2143(SB 262470A ) is a selective potent calcium ion-sensing receptor antagonist with IC50 of 43 and 41 nM for cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations and parathyroid hormone secretion, respectively.

SHA 68 is a potent and selective non-peptide neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) antagonist with IC50s of 22.0 and 23.8 nM for NPSR Asn107 and NPSR Ile107, respectively. SHA 68 has limited the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and the activity in neuralgia.

Analog of etomidate that interacts weakly with 11β-hydroxylase

KARI-201 is a multifunctional small molecule that demonstrates dual activity as a highly selective inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and an agonist of the ghrelin receptor. It operates as a competitive inhibitor by binding directly to the active site of ASM. Studies reveal that the incorporation of KARI-201 into ASM decreases in a concentration-dependent manner with sphingomyelin, resulting in KM values of 332.5, 433.9, and 572.6 μM at KARI-201 concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μM, respectively. In preclinical models, KARI-201 has shown efficacy in reducing amyloid pathology and reversing cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, it enhances autophagy degradation by promoting lysosomal biogenesis in neuronal cells. As a ghrelin receptor agonist, KARI-201 also supports hippocampal neurogenesis and improves synaptic plasticity, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative conditions.

DG-172 is a cutting-edge compound designed as a selective ligand for PPARβ/δ, exhibiting remarkable binding affinity with an IC50 value of 27 nM. It demonstrates robust inverse agonistic activity, positioning it as a promising candidate for research targeting PPARβ/δ signaling pathways.

Ogremorphin (OGM, OGM8345) represents a pioneering small-molecule inhibitor that selectively targets GPR68, demonstrating high specificity with an IC50 value of 0.71 µM. As a first-in-class compound, it offers unique therapeutic potential by precisely modulating GPR68 activity.

CKIα inhibitor A86 is a groundbreaking pan-specific inhibitor targeting Casein Kinase I (CSNK1), with a remarkable binding affinity (Kd=1-10 nM) and a specific Kd of 9.8 nM for CKIα. Beyond its primary activity, this compound also demonstrates dual inhibitory effects on the transcriptional kinases CDK7 and CDK9. Notably, it exhibits minimal to no inhibition against CDK8, CDK13, CDK11a, CDK11b, and CDK19, highlighting its selective pharmacological profile.

Cediranib maleate (AZD-2171 maleate) is a highly effective, orally administered inhibitor targeting VEGFR with remarkable potency. It demonstrates IC50 values of less than 1 nM for Flt1, below 3 nM for KDR, 5 nM for both Flt4 and PDGFRα, 36 nM for PDGFRβ, and 2 nM for c-Kit, showcasing its broad inhibitory activity across multiple kinase targets.

ADAM17 inhibitor SN-4 is a newly identified, highly specific inhibitor of ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17), demonstrating potent activity in blocking TNF-α cleavage in cellular assays with an IC50 value of 3.22 µM. This compound exhibits slightly greater efficacy compared to marimastat, a well-established ADAM17 inhibitor. In vitro studies reveal that SN-4 effectively suppresses ADAM17-mediated cleavage of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and CD44, while showing no significant impact on ADAM10 activity. Additionally, SN-4 has been shown to inhibit cellular invasion, highlighting its potential as a targeted therapeutic agent for modulating ADAM17-related pathways.

BHC, a small-molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle myosin, effectively suppresses muscle activity by targeting myosin function without altering membrane currents. This compound emerges from a screening process aimed at identifying molecules capable of modulating muscle movement through myosin inhibition. By specifically inhibiting myosin, BHC provides a unique mechanism for controlling muscle contractions while maintaining the integrity of cellular electrical properties.

Furamidine (DB75) is abisbenzamidine derivative and an antiparasite agent. Furamidine is a potent, reversible and competitive tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1) inhibitor. Inhibition of TDP-1 by Furamidine is effective both with single- and double-stranded DNA substrates but is slightly stronger with the duplex DNA. Furamidine is also a selective and cell-permeable protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.4 μM. Furamidine is selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5, PRMT6, and PRMT4 (CARM1) (IC50s of 166 µM, 283 µM, and >400 µM, respectively).

RTI-7470-44 is a highly potent and selective antagonist of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (hTAAR1), demonstrating an IC50 of 8.4 nM in an in vitro cAMP functional assay. In radioligand binding studies, it exhibits a Ki value of 0.3 nM, highlighting its strong affinity for hTAAR1. Notably, RTI-7470-44 shows significant species selectivity, with over 90-fold preference for hTAAR1 compared to its rat and mouse counterparts. This compound also possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including good blood-brain barrier penetration, moderate metabolic stability, and a promising off-target safety profile. In electrophysiological studies, RTI-7470-44 enhanced the spontaneous firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA) and effectively counteracted the effects of the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017.

YEATS4 binder 4e stands out as a highly potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor targeting the epigenetic reader YEATS4. It demonstrates a strong binding affinity with a Ki value of 37 nM. Importantly, this compound exhibits remarkable selectivity, showing over 15-fold preference for YEATS4 compared to other members of the YEATS family, including YEATS1, YEATS2, and YEATS3.

LTX-401 is a novel oncolytic amino acid derivative that specifically targets the Golgi apparatus, demonstrating significant potential in cancer therapy. In vitro studies reveal that LTX-401 effectively reduces the viability of various tumor cell lines, exhibiting cytotoxic activity across a range of concentrations. Notably, it shows the highest potency against the human malignant melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S (IC50 = 13.5 μM) and the lowest activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 = 35.4 μM). For other cell lines, the IC50 values fall within a narrow range of 19-32 μM. Importantly, LTX-401 does not induce hemolysis in red blood cells at concentrations effective for cancer cell death, with hemolytic activity only observed at much higher concentrations (400 μg/mL = 1087 μM). Additionally, LTX-401 demonstrates cytotoxicity against non-malignant cell lines, including HUV-EC-C endothelial cells, HaCat keratinocytes, and MRC-5 fibroblasts, suggesting a broad but selective mechanism of action.

Prodrug of the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) which targets hexokinase II (HK2) and GAPDH

Indacaterol is a potent, orally administered ultra-long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonist, widely recognized for its therapeutic potential in respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. By selectively activating ADRB2, indacaterol not only enhances bronchodilation but also exhibits a unique mechanism of action by inhibiting NF-κB activity in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner. This dual functionality helps mitigate lung inflammation, prevent further pulmonary damage, and improve lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Beyond its respiratory applications, indacaterol has also emerged as a valuable tool in cardiovascular disease research, offering insights into its broader therapeutic effects. Its multifaceted pharmacological profile positions indacaterol as a promising candidate for addressing complex disease mechanisms and advancing treatment strategies in both respiratory and cardiovascular fields.

FSLLRY-NH2 is a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor.

Edonerpic, also known as T-817, is a neuroprotectant. Edonerpic is a candidate therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease that inhibits oxidative stress and nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity and acts as a neurotrophic factor. Edonerpic protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by blocking lipid peroxidation in the SNc, and imply that this compound may be useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease.

TAMRA-PEG4-NHS ester is a TAMRA red fluorescent dye derivative containing an NHS ester group which can be used to label the primary amines (-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules.

KRIBB3 is an Hsp27 and microtubule inhibitor that inhibits migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro in an Hsp27-dependent manner.

E7090 (E 7090) is a highly potent and selective orally bioavailable inhibitor targeting FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3, with IC50 values of 0.71 nM, 0.50 nM, and 1.2 nM, respectively. It exhibits significantly weaker inhibition of FGFR4, with an IC50 of 120 nM. This distinct selectivity profile positions E7090 as a promising therapeutic candidate for diseases driven by aberrant FGFR1-3 signaling, offering a targeted approach to inhibit these receptors while minimizing off-target effects on FGFR4. Its oral availability further enhances its potential as a convenient and effective treatment option for patients with FGFR-dependent conditions.