α-solanine, a bioactive component and one of the major steroidal glycoalkaloids in potatoes, has been observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.

Ginsenoside Rg4 is a major protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The protopanaxatriol type ginsenosides (such as Ginsenoside Rg4) exhibits various biological activities including anti-septic, anti-diabetic, wound healing, immune-stimulatory, and anti-antioxidant activity.

Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively.

(S)-Falcarinol ((S)-Panaxynol), one of the major polyacetylenes isolated from Panax ginseng, has antitumor activity. (S)-Falcarinol is the most potent antiplatelet agent in ginseng and its mechanism of action is chiefly due to the inhibition of thromboxane formation. (S)-Falcarinol is a potent Nrf2 activator.

Perivine (Perivin) targets protein retinoblastoma-associated proteins (RbAp48) and resolves the instability of the RbAp48-FOG-1 complex. Perivine can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Cyclosporin C is a fungal metabolite that has been found in T. inflatum and has diverse biological activities, including antifungal, antiviral, and immunosuppressant properties. Cyclosporin C is active against isolates of B. cinerea, A. niger, and Alternaria, Mucor, and Penicillium species (MICs=0.1-5 μg/ml).

Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease.

Monensin B is a polyketide produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Fermentations of Streptomyces cinnamonensis produce a mixture of Monensin A and Monensin B in a ratio dependent upon the relative concentrations of ethylmalonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA.

Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride (Ideain chloride) is a component from extract peel of hawthorn fruit (EPHF) with the value of 179.4 mg/g. EPHF exhibits strong AChE inhibitory activity.

O-Desmethylangolensin is a metabolite of soy isoflavone, daidzein metabolized by gut microbiota. O-Desmethylangolensin possesses antioxidant activity.

Hirsutenone is an active botanical diarylheptanoid present in Alnus species and exhibits many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor promoting and anti-atopic dermatitis effects. Hirsutenone attenuates adipogenesis by binding directly to PI3K and ERK1 in a non-ATP competitive manner. Hirsutenone can be used for the study of obesity.

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL, and also inhibits tyrosinase activity. Isoastilbin shows neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research.

Gomisin M2 ((+)-Gomisin M2) is a lignan isolated from the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora with anti-HIV activity (EC50 of 2.4 μM). Gomisin M2 exhibits anti-cancer and anti-allergic activities and has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research.

Ganoderol A is a terpenoid extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with antimicrobial activities. Ganoderol A inhibits cholesterol synthesis pathway and has significant anti-inflammatory activity and protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) damage.

γ-Fagarine is a furoquinoline alkaloid naturally occurring in Rutae Herba. γ-Fagarine has strong anti-HCV activities with IC50 of 20.4 μg/mL and is also a sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) inducer.

Ferulamide is a Ferulic acid derivative isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. with anticholinesterase activities.

Ermanin is a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Ermanin potently inhibits iNOS, COX-2 activities, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Ermanin has anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous and anti-viral/bacterial properties.

ent-11β-Hydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione (compound 11) is a diterpenoid from the fresh roots of Euphorbia jolkinii. ent-11β-Hydroxyatis-16-ene-3,14-dione has anti-RSV activity.

Echitamine chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM.

Didrovaltrate (Didrovaltratum), isolated from the roots of Valeriana wallichii D.C, is a cytotoxic and antitumor agent.

Deoxylapachol is a major cytotoxic component of New Zealand brown alga, Landsburgia quercifolia. Deoxylapachol has antifungal and anti-cancer activity.

Cauloside A (Leontoside A) is a saponin isolated from Dipsacus asper roots. Cauloside A has potent antifungal activity.

Oxyresveratrol 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.64 μM.

Oxyresveratrol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29.75 μM.

Euojaponine D is a sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus japonica (Celastraceae). Celastraceae has potent insecticidal activity.

20(21)-Dehydrolucidenic acid A is a triterpenoid isolated from the fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma sinense. 20(21)-Dehydrolucidenic acid A has weak anti-HIV-1 protease activity.

Isopimaric acid is a potent opener of large conductance calcium activated K+ (BK) channels.

IVHD-valtrate, an active Valeriana jatamansi derivative, is against human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. IVHD-valtrate induces cancer cells apoptosis and arrests the ovarian cancer cells in the G2/M phase. IVHD-valtrate has the potential to be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for the human ovarian cancer research.

Liriodenine (Spermatheridine; VLT045) is an aporphine alkaloid isolated from the plant?Mitrephora sirikitiae?and has anti-cancer activities. Liriodenine induces cell apoptosis, activates the intrinsic pathway by induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9.

Medicarpin is a flavonoid isolated from Medicago sativa. Medicarpin induces apoptosis and overcome multidrug resistance in leukemia P388 cells by modulating P-gp-mediated efflux of drugs.