RGM8-51 is a β-lactam derivative, potent, selective TRPM8 antagonist with IC50 of 1.06 and 1.74 uM for rat and human TRPM8, respectively.RGM8-51 does not have any ability to activate TRPM8 channels, but produces a concentration-dependent inhibition of menthol activation.RGM8-51 is selective for cold-activated TRPM8 channels, displays no agonist or antagonist profile in cool-activated TRPA1 channels and has negligible activity as TRPV3 and ASIC3 channel antagonists.RGM8-51 (1 µM) inhibited menthol-activated currents in rTRPM8-expressing HEK293 cells.RGM8-51 exhibits in vivo antinociceptive activity in response to cold, in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.RGM8-51 reduces cold, mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain arising after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve.RGM8-51 exhibits mechanical hypersensitivity-relieving activity, in a mouse model of NTG-induced hyperesthesia.

RGM079 (RGM-079) is a potent, selective α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with EC50 of 8.3 uM.RGM079 exhibited a balanced pharmacokinetic profile and antioxidant properties comparable or even higher than well-known natural polyphenols.RGM079 shows neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-toxicity related models.RGM079 causes a concentration-dependent neuroprotective effect against the toxicity induced by okadaic acid (OA) in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.RGM079 is able to restore the cellular viability after exposure to OA and amyloid peptide Aβ1–42, with cell death almost completely prevented at 10 and 30 μM, respectively, in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons;RGM079 shows in vivo analgesic activity in the complete CFA-induced paw inflammation model after intraperitoneal administration.

Psalmotoxin 1 (PCTX1) is a potent and selective acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) blocker with IC50 of 0.9 nM.Psalmotoxin 1 displays no effect at ASIC1b, ASIC2a, ASIC3, heteromeric ASIC channels, ENaC and KV2.1/2.2/4.2/4.3 channels expressed in oocytes at 100 nM.Psalmotoxin 1 exhibits potent analgesic properties against thermal, mechanical, chemical, inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rodents.

PRAX-562 (PRAX562) is a novel persistent sodium current (INa) inhibitor, inhibits hNaV1.6 persistent INa induced by ATX-II or SCN8A mutation N1768D with IC50 of 141 and 75 nM, respectively.PRAX-562 displays similar potency for inhibition of persistent INa expressed by other human NaV isoforms (hNaV1.1, hNaV1.2, hNaV1.5) as well as rat, dog, and mouse orthologs (rNaV1.2, dNaV1.2, mNaV1.6, rNaV1.6), with IC50 values ranging 109-180 nM.PRAX-562 exhibits tonic block with lower potency (IC50=8470 nM), demonstrating 60-fold preference for persistent INa, also exhibits preference for persistent INa over peak INa tonic block for hNaV1.1 (173-fold).PRAX-562 reduces intrinsic excitability of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons without compromising action potential (AP) amplitude.PRAX-562 (3 mg/kg, po) produces dose-dependent protection (increase in latency) of mice against MES-induced tonic hindlimb seizures (EC50=90.1 ng/ml), with complete protection at 10 mg/kg.

PF-06526290 is a potent, selective Nav1.3 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.1 uM, interact with the Domain 4 voltage sensor domain (D4 VSD and shows no activity for Nav1.7.

NP10679 (NP 10679) is a potent, orally active, NMDA receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B)-selective inhibitor of NMDA receptor with IC50 of 23 nM, with no significant effect on GluN2A/C/D (IC50>100 uM).NP10679 demonstrates high pH sensitivity, NP10679 exhibits both a potent IC50 at pH 6.9 of 23 nM with a ratio of IC50 at pH 7.6 to that at pH 6.9 (referred to as pH Boost) of 6.2 fold.NP10679 reduced infarct volume n a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 1 mg/kg IP dose and a maximum infarct volume reduction of 52% in MCAo experiments.NP10679 perturbed motor coordination or function in mice.

NBI-98782 (alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine) is a potent, selective vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2, SLC18A2) inhibitor with Ki of 0.97 nM.Acute NBI-98782 decreased mPFC, dSTR, hippocampus, and NAC DA, 5-HT, and NE efflux, while increasing that of DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA.NBI-98782 suppressed clozapine-, olanzapine- and risperidone-induced DA efflux in both mPFC and dSTR, and ACh efflux in mPFC.NBI-98782 attenuated PCP-induced DA, 5-HT, NE and Glu efflux, and AMPH-induced DA and NE efflux, in both mPFC and dSTR, as well as PCP- and AMPH-induced hyperlocomotion.

NaV1.7 inhibitor 51 is a highly potent, selective, orally active NaV1.7 inhibitor with IC50 of 10.7 nM in FLIPR membrane potential assay, no significant activity against NaV1.5 (IC50>10 uM).NaV1.7 inhibitor 51 shows good selectivity against other NaV isoforms and minimal inhibition at 10 uM for the resting state across different NaV isoforms.NaV1.7 inhibitor 51 exhibits state-dependent block of human, monkey, and mouse NaV1.7 with a similar potency range.NaV1.7 inhibitor 51 shows significant effects on the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model.

ML2-SA1 is a potent, selective and efficacious activator (agonist) of TRPML2 with EC50 of 1.24 uM and 2.38 uM for human and mouse TRPML2, respectively.ML2-SA1 displays high selectivity for TRPML2 and no significant activity at the related TRPML1 and TRPML3 channels.ML2-SA1 directly stimulates release of the chemokine CCL2 from macrophages, also stimulates macrophage migration, thus mimicking CCL2 function.

ML204 is a potent, selective antagonist of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels, inhibits TRPC4β-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) rise with IC50 of 0.96 uM, exhibits 19-fold selectivity against TRPC6 channel; blocks TRPC4β currents activated through either μ-opioid receptor stimulation (50 nm DAMGO, IC50=3.55 uM) or intracellular dialysis of GTPγS (IC50=2.85 uM); shows no appreciable block by 10-20 uM for TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPA1, and TRPM8, as well as KCNQ2 and Nav Channels; also inhibits TRPC5 channel currents activated through co-stimulation of Gi/o and Gq/11 signaling by μ-opioid and M3-like muscarinic receptors.

MC-100093 (MC100093) is a potent, orally bioavailable upregulator of GLT-1 and devoid of antimicrobial properties.MC-100093 enhanced uptake of glutamate into astrocytes in a mouse neuron/astrocyte co-culture model with IC50 of 0.1 uM.MC-100093 restored the expression of NA core GLT-1.MC-100093 (50 mg/kg) attenuated cue-primed relapse to cocaine-seeking without reducing motivation to consume regular chow or sucrose pellets or affecting body weight.

Kv2.1-syntaxin inhibitor 15 (Kv2.1-syntaxin-IN-15, Cpd5) is a small molecule Kv2.1-syntaxin-binding inhibitor (IC50=5.5 uM) with neuroprotective properties.Kv2.1-syntaxin inhibitor 15 competitively binds syntaxin against C1aB-containing Kv2.1 peptides with IC50 of 5.5 uM.Kv2.1-syntaxin inhibitor 15 (10 uM) significantly diminished threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA, 75 uM)-induced toxicity neuronal cultures, ameliorated significant cellular damage, by preventing the expression of enhanced Kv2.1-mediated K+ currents.Kv2.1-syntaxin inhibitor 15 is a first-in-class inhibitor of Kv2.1 binding to Syntaxin, likely due to inhibition of the C1a region of Kv2.1 binding to syntaxin.Cpd5 (10 μM) does not affect evoked AMPAR EPSCs in layer 2/3 corticocallosal neurons in the mouse auditory cortex.

KPR-5714 (KPR5714) is a novel potent, selective TRPM8 antagonist with IC50 of 25.3 and 22.4 nM against hTRPM8 and rTRPM8, respectively.KPR-5714 dispalys 400-fold against human TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4, and does not show inhibitory effects for ASIC1a, ASIC3, Nav1.3, Nav1.5, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 (IC50 values >10 uM).KPR-5714 (i.p.) inhibited the hyperactivity of mechanosensitive C-fibers of bladder afferents and dose-dependently increased the intercontraction interval shortened by intravesical instillation of acetic acid in anesthetized rats.KPR-5714 (orally administered) dose-dependently increased the mean voided volume and decreased voiding frequency without affecting total voided volume in vivo.

KNa1.1 inhibitor 31 is a potent, selective, orally available inhibitor of sodium-activated potassium channel KNa1.1 (Slack, Slo2.2) with IC50 of 40 nM (hKNa1.1 WT).KNa1.1 inhibitor 31 reduced seizures and interictal spikes in a mouse model of KCNT1 GoF.

JW-65 (JW65) is a selective, potent,CNS-permeable TRPC3 inhibitor improved stability compared to Pyr3.JW-65 shows similar potency and selectivity on TRPC3 channels, but is metabolically much more stable than its precursor, demonstrated by its much longer half-life (>4 h) in mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes when compared to Pyr3.JW-65-treated mice showed substantially decreased susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures in a dose-dependent manner.

Hv1 inhibitor HIF is a novel inhibitor of the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 interacts with the Hv1 VSD in the up and down states.HIF rapidly inhibits proton conduction in the up state by blocking the open channel.HIF interacts with a second site that is accessible in the down state and is responsible for key features of HIF-mediated inhibition, such as the slow component of current decay and the slow recovery from inhibition.The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 plays important roles in numerous biological processes, including pH homeostasis, the immune response, and sperm cell function.Hv1 channel belongs to the large family of proteins containing voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), which also includes Nav, Kv, and Cav channels and voltage-sensitive phosphatases.

HEI3090 (HEI-3090) is a small-molecule P2RX7 activator (positive modulator) of purinergic P2RX7 receptor (P2X7R), enhances the P2RX7-mediated intracellular calcium concentration (Emax=250 nM).HEI3090 inhibits tumor growth and combined with αPD-1 immunotherapy ameliorates mice survival.Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the antitumor activity induced by HEI3090.HEI3090 induces the production of mature IL-18 in the presence of eATP, triggers antitumor responses mediated by IL-18-induced NK and CD4+ T cells.HEI3090 combined with αPD-1 induces antitumor memory immune response.

HCN4 inhibitor EC18 (EC18) is a HCN4-prefering blocker.

GSK-5498A is a potent, selective small molecule blocker of Calcium-Release Activated Calcium (CRAC) channel with IC50 of 1 uM; completely inhibits calcium influx through CRAC channels, inhibits mediator release from mast cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from T-cells from multiple human and rat preparations.

GSK205 derivative 16-8 is a specific small molecule dual-inhibitor of TRPV4 and TRPA1 with IC50 of 0.45 and 0.41 uM, respectively; displays no inhibitory potency toward TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV3; effectively attenuates formalin-evoked trigeminal irritant pain in model of acute pancreatitis.

Glutor (Glucose uptake inhibitor Glutor) is a novel highly potent glucose uptake inhibitor (IC50=10.8 nM) that selectively targets glucose transporters GLUT-1, -2, and -3.Glutor reduced the uptake of 2-DG with similar potency in different cancer cell lines such as HCT116 (IC50 =10.8 nM), UM-UC-3 (IC50=8.3 nM), UO31 (IC50=3.6 nM), and MIA PaCa-2 (IC50=1.1 nM).Glutor did not interfere with cellular hexokinase activity and potently reduced glycolytic flux in HCT116 cells.Glutor induced upregulation of GLUT-1 and -3 in cancer cells, inhibited glycolysis and efficiently suppresseed the growth of various cancer cell lines.Glutor potently and synergistically inhibited colon cancer cell growth combined with glutaminase inhibitor CB-839.

GDC-0334 (GDC0334) is a highly potent, selective, orally bioavailable TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 1.7 nM in cell-based assays.GDC-0334 demonstrated potent TRPA1 inhibition in several species, including human (IC50=1.7 nM), cynomolgus (IC50=3.6 nM), mouse (IC50=2.7 nM), guinea pig (IC50=11.1 nM), and dog (IC50=102 nM).GDC-0334 displays good selectivity against human TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPC6 (all IC50s>10 uM).GDC-0334 also inhibits calcium flux in human primary cells, HASMCs and HLFs, treated with the TRPA1 agonist AITC.GDC-0334 suppresses AITC-induced edema in vivo in rat (1-10 mg/kg), reduces OVA-induced asthma model in rats and guinea pigs and guinea pig model of cough.GDC-0334 is a potent inhibitor of AITC-induced dermal blood flow (DBF) in vivo in rats and guinea pigs, reduces AITC-induced perfusion and nocifensive behavior in rats and itch and pain scores in humans.

Etripamil (MSP-2017) is a novel intranasal non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that has begun phase III clinical trials for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias.

DRB18 (DRB-18) is a potent, pan-class I glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitor, reduces glucose uptake in HEK293 cell lines expressd single GLUT1-4 with IC50 of 0.9-8.8 uM.DRB18 reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cell lines (A549 IC50=3.5 uM, HeLa IC50=1.3 uM), also exhibited IC50 values < 10 μM in all nine melanoma cell lines.DRB18 rapidly and potently inhibited glucose transport and glucose metabolism, inhibited multiple metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism in A549 cells.DRB18 caused G1/S phase arrest and increased oxidative stress in A549 cells.DRB18 (10mg/kg) inhibited the growth of A549 tumors xenografted in nude mice.

DCBS152A is a potent, functionally selectiver negative modulator of GABAA receptor at the modulatory PQ site in some receptor isoforms.

DA-0218 (DA0218) is a novel potent, selective Nav1.7 inhibitor, inhibits sodium currents in Nav1.7-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells with IC50 of 0.74 uM.DA-0218 has no effect on sodium currents in Nav1.5-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells in patch-clamp experiments.DA-0218 shows analgesic activity predominantly in phase II in formalin-induced inflammatory pain mouse model.DA-0218 produced acute reduction in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia, and inhibited histamine-induced acute itch and lymphoma-induced chronic itch.

CDD-1102 (CDD1102) is a potent, selective second bromodomain (BD2) of BRDT and BRD4 inhibitor with IC50 of 7 and 25 nM, >1,000-fold and 300-fold selectivity over BRDT-BD1 and BRD4-BD1.

BI-8668 (BI 8668) is a highly potent and selective epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitor, inhibits Na+ current with IC50 of 17 nM (Ussing chamber assay); BI-8668 inhibits ENaC-mediated water permeability through cell monolayers of the cell line M-1 (M-1 cells: mouse kidney tubules cells) with 81% inhibition at 3 uM.

Benzopyran-G1 is a selective inhibitor of cardiac acetylcholine-activated inwardly rectifying K+ current (IKACh), composed of Kir3.1/Kir3.4 heterotetrameric and Kir3.4 homotetrameric channel subunits.

Bamocaftor (VX-659) is a next-generation CFTR corrector, restores F508del-CFTR protein function.