Guanethidine sulfate is an antihypertensive agent that inhibits selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.

Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of the polysaccharides chitosan and chitin, which compose the exoskeletons of crustaceans and other arthropods, as well as the cell walls of fungi and many higher organisms. Glucosamine is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies. Since glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are a major component of joint cartilage, supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine).

Glisoxepide is a second-generation sulfonylurea with antihyperglycemic activity. Like other second-generation compounds, glisoxepide exerts greater binding affinity than the first-generation compounds. Glisoxepide shows peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonistic activity, has a short half-life and is excreted in both the bile and urine.

Ganciclovir Sodium is an acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

Gallamine Triethiodide is a mAChR M2 antagonist with pronounced cardioselectivity. It acts by combining with the cholinergic receptor sites in muscle and competitively blocks the transmitter action of acetylcholine. It is a synthetic non-depolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of tubocurarine but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output.

Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibacterial agent. It is a nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone binds bacterial DNA which leads to the gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. It is marketed by Roberts Laboratories under the brand name Furoxone and by GlaxoSmithKline as Dependal-M.

Fosphenytoin Sodium is the sodium salt form of fosphenytoin, a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the anticonvulsant phenytoin. It is an PDE3 (phosphodiesterase 3) inhibitor. Phenytoin exerts its effect most likely through an enhancement of sodium efflux from neurons in the motor cortex. This leads to a suppression of excessive neuronal firing and spread of seizure activity. Other physiologic effects from actions of phenytoin include modulation of the voltage-dependent calcium channels of neurons, inhibition of calcium flux across neuronal membranes and enhancement of sodium-potassium ATPase activity of neurons and glial cells.

Fosinopril Sodium is a phosphinic acid-containing ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.

Fosfomycin trometamine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Flurandrenolide is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Flurandrenolide exerts its effects by interacting with specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently activates glucocorticoid receptor mediated gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions.

Fluphenazine is a antipsychotic medication. It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia. Fluphenazine exerts its actions by blocking postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the limbic, cortical system and basal ganglia. This prevents the actions of dopamine, thereby reducing the hallucinations and delusions that are associated with schizophrenia. It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.

Flunarizine is a non-selective calcium entry blocker with other actions including histamine H1 receptor blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. It may help to reduce the severity and duration of attacks of paralysis associated with the more serious form of alternating hemiplegia, as well as being effective in rapid onset dystonia-parkinsonism (both of these conditions share a mutation in the ATP13A gene). Flunarizine has also been shown to significantly reduce headache frequency and severity in both adults and children.

Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid with moderate glucocorticoid potency and much greater mineralocorticoid potency. Therapeutically, it is used for its mineralocorticoid activity and not for its glucocorticoid activity. Fludrocortisone has been used in the treatment of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. However, it is used primarily to replace the missing hormone aldosterone in various forms of adrenal insufficiency such as Addison's disease and the classic salt wasting (21-hydroxylase deficiency) form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Due to its effects on increasing Na+ levels, and therefore blood volume, fludrocortisone is the first line of treatment for orthostatic intolerance and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). It can be used to treat low blood pressure. Fludrocortisone is also used as a confirmation test for diagnosing Conn's syndrome (aldosterone producing-adrenal adenoma).

Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Unlike other penicillins, flucloxacillin has activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus as it is beta-lactamase stable. However, it is ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is very similar to dicloxacillin and they are considered interchangeable.

Fexofenadine is an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms, such as hay fever, nasal congestion, and urticaria. Fexofenadine is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation, compared to a first-generation antihistamines.

Fenoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Fenoprofen calcium is used for symptomatic relief for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and mild to moderate pain. Fenoprofen blocks the enzymes that make prostaglandins (cyclooxygenases), resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, swelling, pain and fever are reduced.

Etidronic acid is a bisphosphonate used in detergents, water treatment, cosmetics and pharmaceutical treatment. An etidronate is a salt of etidronic acid, abbreviated MnHEDP (M: is a cation, n: number of M maximum 4).

Etynodiol diacetate is a steroidal progestin which is used as a hormonal contraceptive. Relative to other 19-nortestosterone derivatives, it has relatively little or no potency as an androgen, and, unlike most progestins but similarly to noretynodrel, also has some estrogenic effects.

Ethoxzolamide is a sulfonamide medication that functions as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma and duodenal ulcers, and as a diuretic. It may also be used in the treatment of some forms of epilepsy.

Ethinyl Estradiol is a semisynthetic estrogen. The mechanism of action of ethinyl estradiol is as an Estrogen Receptor Agonist. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in oral contraceptives. Ethinyl estradiol binds to the estrogen receptor complex and enters the nucleus, activating DNA transcription of genes involved in estrogenic cellular responses. This agent also inhibits 5-alpha reductase in epididymal tissue, which lowers testosterone levels and may delay progression of prostatic cancer. In addition to its antineoplastic effects, ethinyl estradiol protects against osteoporosis. In animal models, short-term therapy with this agent has been shown to provide long-term protection against breast cancer, mimicking the antitumor effects of pregnancy.

Ethambutol Hydrochloride is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually part of a wider treatment of drugs that include rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and isoniazid. Ethambutol hydrochloride is an antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect.

Esmolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of esmolol, a short and rapid-acting beta adrenergic antagonist belonging to the class II anti-arrhythmic drugs and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Esmolol hydrochloride competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in cardiac muscle and reduces the contractility and cardiac rate of heart muscle, thereby decreasing cardiac output and myocardial oxygen demands. This agent also decreases sympathetic output centrally and blocks renin secretion. At higher doses, esmolol hydrochloride also blocks beta-2 receptors located in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, thereby leading to smooth muscle relaxation.

Epoprostenol Sodium is a potent vasodilator and antiplatelet substance with a very short physiologic half-life. The sodium salt is used primarily for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Epoprostenol sodium inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from prostaglandin endoperoxides in human vascular tissue.

(-)-Epinephrine is a natural predominant neurotransmitter that is released from the adrenal medulla and activates adrenoceptors. (-)-Epinephrine has been found to be an effective β2-agonist and bronchiodialator. (-)-Epinephrine is an activator of β2-AR. Through these receptors, (-)-epinephrine may induce either contraction or relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, depending on adrenoceptor subtype expression. Receptor-mediated actions of (-)-epinephrine are also relevant to blocking anaphylaxis, reversing cardiac arrest, and reducing bleeding in clinical trials.

Enprofylline is a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of asthma, which acts as a bronchodilator. It acts primarily as a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with relatively little activity as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist. Enprofylline is used in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Long-term enprofylline administration may be associated with elevation in liver enzyme levels and unpredictable blood levels.

Enoximone is a selective phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. Enoximone prevents the degradation of cAMP by PDE, which prolongs signal transduction and its subsequent effects. It is used in patients with congestive heart failure.

Enoxacin is an oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. Enoxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is structurally related to nalidixic acid. It acts on DNA gyrase. Insomnia is a common adverse effect. Recently, enoxacin has been shown recently that it may have cancer inhibiting effect.

Emedastine Difumarate is the difumarate salt form of emedastine, a second generation, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with anti-allergic activity. This medication is an antihistamine, prescribed for allergic conjunctivitis. It blocks histamine's action, which reduces allergy symptoms. Emedastine reversibly and competitively blocks histamine by binding to H1 receptors, thus blocking its downstream activity. As a result, this agent interferes with mediator release from mast cells either by inhibiting calcium ion influx across mast cell/basophil plasma membrane or by inhibiting intracellular calcium ion release within the cells. Upon ocular administration, emedastine causes a dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-stimulated vascular permeability in the conjunctiva.

Echothiophate iodide is a potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma. Echothiophate iodide covalently binds by its phosphate group to serine group at the active site of the cholinesterase. Once bound, the enzyme is permanently inactive and the cell has to make new enzymes. Echothiophate binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Because of the very slow rate at which echothiophate is hydrolyzed by cholinesterase, its effects can last a week or more. It is used as an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of chronic glaucoma and, in some cases, accommodative esotropia. It is available under several trade names such as Phospholine Iodide.

Dyphylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of respiratory disorders like asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and vasodilator effects. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Dyphilline probably acts as a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP. This results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and other smooth muscles.