Cefmetazole is a second-generation, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefmetazole binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are responsible for crosslinking of peptidoglycan. By preventing crosslinking of peptidoglycan, cell wall integrity is lost and cell wall synthesis is halted.

Cefixime is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is effective against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. Cefixime binds penicillin-binding proteins and is stable to many penicillinases and β-lactamases. It is an effective, orally-active cephalosporin with applications in acute otitis media, respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections.

Cefepime Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins and disrupts the cell wall synthesis. It is resistant to hydrolysis by common plasmid and/or chromosomally-mediated β-lactamases. (Last Updated: 02/10/2016).

Cefazolin sodium salt inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Cefazolin Sodium is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Cefazolin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.

Cefamandole nafate is a pro-drug that is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases to produce cefamandole, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefamandole nafate is used to study the effects of expression and inhibition of PBP 2A and other penicillin-binding proteins (PDPs) on bacterial cell wall mucopeptide synthesis. Cefamandole binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Cefalotin is a first generation cephem antibiotic with a wide range antibacterial activity. The compound is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and has been tested in respiratory disease and neuromuscular junction studies.

Cefadroxil is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the cephalosporin type, effective in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. It is a bactericidal antibiotic. Cefadroxil is a semi-synthetic, beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefadroxil binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Cefaclor is a beta-lactam, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis. The antibiotic is active against a wide spectrum of common pathogens, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cefaclor binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located in bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity.

Cephacetrile is a broad-spectrum first-generation cephalosporin with antibiotic and antibacterial activity. Cephacetrile binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that veterinarians prescribe as a supportive treatment for various conditions. It provides day-to-day treatment for pain and inflammation from arthritis in geriatric dogs, joint pain, osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia, and other forms of joint deterioration. It is also used to relieve short-term post-operative pain, inflammation, and swelling after spaying, neutering, and other procedures. Carprofen reduces inflammation by inhibition of COX-2 and other sources of inflammatory prostaglandins. This is targeted protection, in that it does not interfere with COX-1 activity.

Carphenazine dimaleate is an antipsychotic agent, mainly used for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.

Carglumic acid is an orphan drug, marketed by Orphan Europe under the trade name Carbaglu. Carglumic acid is used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia in patients with N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency. The initial daily dose ranges from 100 to 250 mg/kg, adjusted thereafter to maintain normal plasma levels of ammonia.

Carbachol is a cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates the acetylcholine receptor. Thus it is classified as a cholinergic agonist. It is primarily used for various ophthalmic purposes, such as for treating glaucoma, or for use during ophthalmic surgery. It is generally administered as an ophthalmic solution (i.e. eyedrops).

Buspirone HCl is an anxiolytic psychotropic drug of the azapirone chemical class. It is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Unlike most drugs predominantly used to treat anxiety, buspirone's pharmacology is not related to benzodiazepines or barbiturates, and so does not carry the risk of physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms for which those drug classes are known.

Bupropion or bupropion hydrochloride, also known formerly as amfebutamone, is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. It is one of the most frequently prescribed antidepressants in the United States, although in many English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, this is an off-label use. Chemically, bupropion is in the aminoketone family. Bupropion serves as an atypical antidepressant different from most commonly prescribed antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is an effective antidepressant on its own, but is also popular as an add-on medication in cases of incomplete response to first-line SSRI antidepressants.

Buclizine is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the piperazine derivative family. It is considered to be an antiemetic, similar to meclizine.

Bromfenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for short-term, local use. Prolensa and Bromday are the once-daily formulation of bromfenac, while Xibrom was approved for twice-daily administration. Bromfenac is indicated for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain after cataract surgery, though it may be prescribed in an off-label manner by the physician. The high degree of penetration and potency of bromfenac can be attributed to the halogenation of the molecule: by adding a bromine moiety the NSAID becomes highly lipophilic which allows for rapid, sustained drug levels in the ocular tissues.

Bopindolol malonate is a non-selective, potent, long-acting beta adrenoceptor antagonist. It demonstrates inhibition of H2O2-induced lipid peroxdiation. Bopindolol malonate slowly dissociates into the active metabolites 4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-methyl indole and 4-(3-tert-butylaminopropoxy)-2-carboxyl indole which both demonstrate potent β1-adrenoceptor blocking activity.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R, is a water-soluble B-vitamin (vitamin B7). It is composed of a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.

Bifonazole is an imidazole antifungal drug. Bifonazole has dual mode of action. It blocks transformation of 24-methylendihydrolanosterol to desmethylsterol in fungi together with inhibition of HMG-CoA. This enables fungicidal properties against dermatophytes and distinguishes bifonazole from other antifungal drugs. Bifonazole is marketed by Bayer under the trade mark Canespor in ointment form.

Bevantolol Hydrochloride is a beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been shown to be as effective as other beta blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.

Bethanidine sulfate is a guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission.

Betaxolol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of betaxolol, a β1-AR selective adrenergic receptor antagonist. Betaxolol hydrochloride acts on the heart and circulatory system and decreases cardiac contractility and rate, and cardiac output levels. When applied topically in the eye, it lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor secretion.

Benzthiazide is a research compound with diuretic and antihypertensive properties used in the treatment of high blood pressure and edema.

Benzquinamide hydrochloride is a benzquinamide is an antiemetic compound with antihistaminic, mild anticholinergic, and sedative properties. The mechanism of action is not known, but presumably benzquinamide works via antagonism of muscarinic acetycholine receptors and histamine H1 receptors.

Benztropine is a synthetic compound derived from the combination of atropine and diphenhydramine that acts centrally to antagonize M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Benztropine has been used in the management of Parkinson’s disease symptoms to address involuntary tremor and dystonia. It can also increase the availability of dopamine by inhibiting uptake through the dopamine transporter.

Bentiromide is a peptide used as a screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy. It is given by mouth as a noninvasive test. The amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.

Bendroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension. Bendroflumethiazide works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule and may play an important role in the treatment of mild heart failure.

Azlocillin Sodium is the sodium salt form of azlocillin, a semisynthetic, extended spectrum acylampicillin with antibacterial activity. Azlocillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting the cross-linkage of peptidoglycans, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. This prevents proper bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to cell lysis.

Atorvastatin is used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for prevention of events associated with cardiovascular disease. Like all statins, atorvastatin works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme found in liver tissue that plays a key role in production of cholesterol in the body.Atorvastatin is also used for the treatment of dyslipidemia.