Buramate exhibits neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities.

KDdiA-PC is a kind of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and is a ligand for the macrophage scavenger receptor CD36.

NFAT Inhibitor-2 is a potent inhibitor of calcineurin NFAT signalling. Calcineurin is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. NFAT Inhibitor-2 has the potential for the research of inflammatory disease, an autoimmune disorder, a cardiovascular disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a disease occurring with uncontrolled cell proliferation and/or differentiation, an angiogenesis-related disease, an allergy, anaphylaxis and alopecia (extracted from patent WO2016207212A1, compound 17).

Isaxonine acts as a modifier of the surface pH of the bilayer. Isaxonine accelerates the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulate axonal sprouting and promote motor and sensory function recovery. Isaxonine is a neurotrophic agent.

BMPO (BocMPO) is a cyclic nitrone spin trap. BMPO offers several advantages over the existing spin traps in the detection and characterization of thiyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions in biological systems.

APF is a fluorescence probe that can selectively, and dose dependently detect certain species among ROS and that are highly resistant to autoxidation. APF can be used in enzymatic and cellular systems.

2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid (NTCB) is a highly reactive reagent that transfers its cyano group rapidly to a nucleophilic thiolate. 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid has been proposed as a reagent for converting thiol groups in proteins into their S-cyano derivatives.

Tidiacic is a hepatoprotective agent that acts as an antioxidant and a sulfur donor.

SC-435 is an apical sodium-dependent Bile acid (BA) transporter inhibitor. SC-435 can alter hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lower plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations.

3CPLro-IN-2 (compound C1) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with an IC50 and Ki of 1.55 and 6.09 μM, respectively. 3-Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) is an indispensable protein in viral replication and represents an attractive drug target for fighting COVID-19.

ABAI-30 is a potent and orally active anti-inflammatory agent. ABAI-30 effectively inhibits NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells.

Chalcones A-N-5 is a trihydroxy chalcone derivative compound. Chalcones A-N-5 doesn’t show cytotoxicity at the concentration lower than 100 µM (with IC50 > 1 mM), but has a significant effect on promoting cell proliferation. Chalcones A-N-5 potentially promotes neuronal cell growth in the damaged brain tissue. Chalcones A-N-5 also inhibits ferroptosis induced by RSL or erastin and reduces the lipid peroxidation levels induced by Aβ1-42 protein aggregation. Chalcones A-N-5 is a promising molecular skeleton candidate for further development of lead compound for in vivo test to research AD.

SSTR4 agonist 4 is a potent agonist of SSTR4. SSTR4 is expressed at relatively high levels in the hippocampus and neocortex, memory and learning regions, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. SSTR4 agonists are potent in rodent models of pain associated with acute and chronic associated anti-peripheral nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. SSTR4 agonist 4 has the potential for the research of pain (extracted from patent WO2021233428A1, compound 14).

SSTR4 agonist 3 is a potent agonist of SSTR4. SSTR4 is expressed at relatively high levels in the hippocampus and neocortex, memory and learning regions, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. SSTR4 agonists are potent in rodent models of pain associated with acute and chronic associated anti-peripheral nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. SSTR4 agonist 3 has the potential for the research of pain (extracted from patent WO2021233427A1, compound 14).

SGC agonist 2 is a potent agonist of soluble guanylate cyclase (SGC). Soluble guanylate cyclase is a key signal transduction enzyme in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway. SGC agonist 2 has the potential for the research of cardiovascular disease (heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction) and fibrotic diseases (renal fibrosis, systemic sclerosis) (extracted from patent WO2021219088A1, compound 031).

5-heptyl-DNJ is a potent GAA agonist with a Ki of 0.0047 μM. 5-C-heptyl-DNJ increases GAA activities by chaperrone effects.

RECQL5-IN-1 (Compound 4a) acts as an orally effective RECQL5 inhibitor (targeting both enzymatic and nonenzymatic domain). RECQL5-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of RECQL5 helicase activity (IC50=46.3 nM). RECQL5-IN-1 inhibits RECQL5-WT cells and RECQL5-KO2 cells with IC50s of 4.8 μM and 19.6 μM, respectively. RECQL5-IN-1 can be used for the research of breast cancer.

CSF1R-IN-6 is a potent inhibitor of CSF1R. CSF-1R is expressed in macrophages, and the survival and differentiation of macrophages depends on the CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling pathway. CSF1R-IN-6 affects the exchange of inflammatory factors between TAMs and glioma cells. CSF1R-IN-6 has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2021197276A1, compound 5).

Antimalarial agent 8 (Compound 7e) is a novel orally active class of antimalarials. Antimalarial agent 8 is potent in vitro against P. falciparum and is orally efficacious (40 mg/kg) in an in vivo mouse model of malaria.

ADAMTS-5-IN-3 (Example 37-2) is a potent inhibitor of ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4 with IC50s of 8 and 12 nM, respectively. ADAMTS-5-IN-3 can be used for the research of diseases involving degradation of cartilage or disruption of cartilage homeostasis, in particular osteoarthrosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis.

GRK6-IN-2 (compound 10a) is a potent inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) with an IC50 of 120 nM. GRK6 is a critical kinase required for the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. GRK6-IN-2 has the potential for the research of multiple myeloma.

THR-β agonist 4 is a potent agonist of THR-β. THR-β agonist 4 has the potential for the research of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and other conditions such as steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis and other related conditions and diseases (extracted from patent WO2021143706A1, compound 72).

THR-β agonist 3 is a potent agonist of THR-β. THR-β agonist 3 has the potential for the research of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and other conditions such as steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis and other related conditions and diseases (extracted from patent WO2021129827A1, compound 6).

THRβ Agonist 1 is a potent and selective agonist of THRβ. Thyroid hormone receptor mediates the physiological activity of thyroid hormones which plays a key role in normal growth and development of the body and in maintaining metabolic balance. THRβ Agonist 1 has the potential for the research of thyroid hormone receptor-related diseases (extracted from patent WO2021104288A1, compound 2).

SSAO/VAP-1 inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of SSAO/VAP-1. SSAO/VAP-1 promotes the transfer of Glucose transport 4 (GLUT 4) from adipocytes to the cell membrane, thereby regulating glucose transport. In endothelial cells, SSAO/VAP-1 can mediate the adhesion and exudation of leukocytes and endothelial cells, and participate in inflammatory responses. SSAO/VAP-1 inhibitor 1 has the potential for the research of inflammation and/or inflammation-related disease or diabetes and/or diabetes-related disease (extracted from patent WO2021102774A1, compound E3).

OncoFAP is an ultra-high-affinity ligand of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) for targeting applications with pan-tumoral potential.

(±)9,10-DiHOME is the racemate of 9,10-DiHOME. 9,10-DiHOME is a leukotoxin derivative of linoleic acid diol that has been reported to be toxic in human's tissue preparations, and is produced by inflammatory leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages.

TEPC466 is a novel TEPP-46-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe. TEPC466 shows a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of PKM2 protein via the AIE effect. EPC466 can be used for the detection of PKM2. TEPC466 is successfully applied in imaging the PKM2 protein in colorectal cancer cells with low toxicity. TEPC466 is a useful tool for cancer diagnosis and research.

Remdesivir de(ethylbutyl 2-aminopropanoate) is an impurity of Remdesivir. Remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue with effective antiviral activity, has EC50s of 74 nM for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in HAE cells, and 30 nM for murine hepatitis virus in delayed brain tumor cells. Remdesivir is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro.

CD38 inhibitor 2 is a potent CD38 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.01 ~ 0.1 μΜ).