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Field of application
H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA (S-2238), a chromogenic substrate, is patterned after the N-terminal portion of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, which is the natural substrate of thrombin. H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA is specific for thrombin and is used to measure antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III). The AT-III assay using H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA is sensitive, accurate, and easy to perform.
This product is a ready-to-use colorimetric substrate for Caspases that recognize the amino acid sequence AEVD. Caspase activity can be quantified by spectrophotometric detection of free pNA (l = 400 nm) after cleaved from the peptide substrate AEVD-pNA, using a spectrophotometer or multi-well plate reader.
Ac-LETD-AFC is a caspase-8 fluorogenic substrate. Ac-LETD-AFC can measure caspase-8 fluorogenic activity and can be used for the research of cancer cell apoptosis and oxidative stress metabolism.
The activated factor X (FXa)-specific chromogenic substrate S-2732 is a short peptide covalently bound to pNA (4-nitroaniline). A free pNA will be cleaved off the peptide chain by activated factor X, thus enabling quantitive detection by a spectrophotometer.
D-Val-Gly-Arg-p-nitroaniline (D-VGR-pNA) is a synthetic chromogenic peptide substrate specifically designed for assessing the enzymatic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), including its isoforms tPA I and tPA II. Upon cleavage by tPA, the release of p-nitroaniline (pNA) generates a measurable colorimetric signal, enabling precise quantification of amidolytic activity. This substrate is widely utilized in biochemical assays to study tPA’s role in fibrinolysis and to evaluate its enzymatic kinetics in both research and diagnostic applications.
Rhobo6 is a cell-impermeable small-molecule fluorophore designed for labeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) in live tissues. It contains a phenylboronic acid group that binds to diols commonly found in ECM glycans, resulting in a significant increase in fluorescence and a red shift in emission spectra. This property allows Rhobo6 to effectively visualize ECM architecture without perturbing native structures, making it suitable for long-term imaging studies. Additionally, Rhobo6's low affinity for monosaccharides enables reversible binding, which prevents photobleaching and allows for dynamic imaging of ECM components. While Rhobo6 does not specifically target individual ECM components, it provides a holistic view of ECM distribution and is particularly useful for studying ECM-related biological phenomena in samples that are not amenable to genetic manipulation or ex vivo culture.Rhobo6 is available under license from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.