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L-Phenylalanine-13C9 ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9) is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.
IPPQ is a small molecule that selectively target the interface between the N-type calcium (CaV2.2) channel and CaVβ, specifically binds to CaVβ2a and inhibits CaVβ2's interaction with CaV.2-AID (alpha interacting domain).
VK-II-86 is a carvedilol analogue lacking antagonist activity at β-adrenoceptors, effectively suppresses SOICR by directly reducing the open duration of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2).VK-II-86 exhibited >2,000-fold lower beta-AR binding affinity than carvedilol.VK-II-86 prevented stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in RyR2-mutant mice and did so more effectively when combined with either of the selective beta blockers metoprolol or bisoprolol.VK-II-86 prevented hypokalaemia-induced AP prolongation and depolarization but did not alter AP parameters in normokalaemia.
T-Type calcium channel inhibitor is a potent inhibitor of T-Type calcium channel. T-Type calcium channel inhibitor penetrates well the CNS and blocks the native T-type currents in deep cerebellar nuclear neurons, the window current is completely abolished both for wild-type and mutant Cav3.1 channels. T-Type calcium channel inhibitor has the potential for the research of neurology disease.
MCU-i4 is a negative modulator of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex that directly binds a specific cleft in MICU1 and decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ influx.,MCU-i4 decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. Docking simulations reveal that MCU-i4 directly binds a specific cleft in MICU1, a key element of the MCU complex that controls channel gating. Accordingly, in MICU1-silenced or deleted cells, the inhibitory effect of MCU-i4 is lost. Moreover, MCU-i4 fails to inhibit mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cells expressing a MICU1 mutated in the critical amino acids that forge the predicted binding cleft.[1]
Azumolene (EU4093 free base), a Dantrolene analog, is a muscle relaxant. Azumolene is a ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator and inhibits the calcium-release through ryanodine receptor. Azumolene can be used for malignant hyperthermia research.
SR33805 is a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist, with EC50s of 4.1 nM and 33 nM in depolarized and polarized conditions, respectively. SR33805 blocks L-type but not T-type Ca2+ channels. SR33805 can be used for the research of acute or chronic failing hearts.
NSC-609249 hydrochloride is an impurity of Verapamil. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor.
Gallopamil hydrochloride (Methoxyverapamil hydrochloride), a methoxy derivative of Verapamil, is a phenylalkylamine calcium antagonist. Gallopamil hydrochloride inhibits acid secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.9 μM. Gallopamil hydrochloride is a potent antiarrhythmic and vasodilator agent.