NLRP3 antagonist 1 is a potent antagonist of NLRP3. NLRP3 is mainly expressed in macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in the body's intrinsic immunity against pathogenic infections and stress injury. NLRP3 antagonist 1 has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2021114691A1, compound 3).

IRAK4-IN-8 (VI-177) is a potent IRAK4 inhibitor.

Cemdisiran is an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated siRNA for the treatment of complement-mediated diseases by suppressing liver production of complement 5 (C5) protein.

IRAK inhibitor 1 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) inhibitor.

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger implicated in the control of cell wall metabolism, osmotic stress responses and sporulation. Detection of c-di-AMP by the host cytoplasmic surveillance pathway (CSP) is known to elicit type I IFN responses through a signaling axis that involves STING, TBK1 and IRF3 [1, 2]. Involvement of the helicase DDX41 in the recognition of c-di-AMP has been suggested [3]. Recent studies have also demonstrated that c-di-AMP exerts strong adjuvant activities when delivered by the mucosal route [4, 5].

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is one of the most important and common bacterial second messenger. It is involved in numerous prokaryotic processes, including biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and cell cycling. c-di-GMP also has functions in eukaryotic cells. It is detected by the transmembrane protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING), leading to activation of the innate immune system.

Danicopan (ACH-4471, ACH-0144471) is a highly potent, orally active Factor D inhibitor with Kd of 0.54 nM, inhibits the proteolytic activity of purified Factor D against substrate Factor B in complex with C3b, blocking production of Bb fragment IC50 of 15 nM.

STING agonist-3, compound 3, is a selective and non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist, which has durable anti-tumor effect and tremendous potential to improve treatment of cancer.

diABZI STING agonist-1 (trihydrochloride) is a selective stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonist.

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.

Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50=32 nM) with anti-inflammatory activities. Desmethyl Celecoxib is an analog of Celecoxib and with the optimal yield of 75%.

FLP 62064 is a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and COX-2 dual inhibitor. FLP 62064 has potently anti-inflammatory activity.

Avacopan is a potent, selective, orally availale C5aR (CD88) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 nM.

MSA-2 analogue is an orally available human STING agonist.

β-D-glucan is a natural non-digestible polysaccharide and high biocompatibility that can be selectively recognized by recognition receptors such as Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors as well as being easily internalized by murine or human macrophages, which is likely to attribute to a target delivery. β-d-glucan is an enteric delivery vehicle for probiotics.

D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9.

7-Nitroindazole is a selective nNOS inhibitor with antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects. 7-Nitroindazole is a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system.

Aminopicoline (Ascensil) is a potent and nonselective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes (iNOS, nNOS, eNOS).

L-Arginine-13C ((S)-(+)-Arginine-13C) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Arginine-1-13C ((S)-(+)-Arginine-1-13C) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Arginine-1,2-13C2 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-1,2-13C2) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-13 (Compound 43) is a potent immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10.2 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-13 promots CD8+ T cell activation and delays the tumor growth in the Hepa1-6 syngeneic mouse model.

Brp-201 is considered as a promising therapeutic target for the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It is a new, effective and selective inhibitor of mPGES-1 with an IC50 value of 0.42 μM.

IL-17 modulator 5 (compound 26) is a IL-17 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1 nM.

Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some clinical gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis

Tazofelone (LY 213829) is a cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) inhibitor. Tazofelone transform into sulfoxide and quinol metabolites is primarily mediated by CYP3A. Tazofelone can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease.

Benoxaprofen (LRCL 3794) is a potent and long-acting anti-inflammatory and antipyretic compound. Benoxaprofen is a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in in vitro systems, inhibits lipoxygenase in other systems, and inhibits monocyte migration in some animal models of inflammation.

Fusarochromanone (FC-101) is a fungal metabolite with potent anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activity. Fusarochromanone-activated JNK pathway is attributed to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Clopirac is a potent and orally active inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. Clopirac is an anti-inflammatory agent.