XEN-602 represents a breakthrough in DMT1 pharmacology as a picomolar-range inhibitor of divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2), demonstrating unprecedented selectivity for manganese transport blockade (IC₅₀ = 300 pM in HEK293 cells). This structurally optimized small molecule achieves complete suppression of DMT1-mediated Mn²⁺ uptake while maintaining exceptional target specificity, as evidenced by minimal interference with other metal transporters. Its unmatched potency enables precise interrogation of DMT1's physiological roles and therapeutic exploration for manganese dysregulation disorders.

DOCK5-IN-C21 functions as an allosteric inhibitor targeting the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK5, effectively modulating its activity through a non-competitive mechanism.

VU0466551 is a targeted activator that specifically modulates homomeric G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK1) channels, demonstrating its selectivity for this ion channel subtype.

ZYS-1 has inhibition effect on RNA adenosine deaminase 1(ADAR1), and can be used for preventing and/or treating cancer or tumor-related diseases.

Acoramidis (AG10) is an orally administered, highly selective kinetic stabilizer effective for both wild-type and V122I-TTR (transthyretin) variants. It is actively investigated as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis.

Analog of etomidate that interacts weakly with 11β-hydroxylase

DG-172 is a cutting-edge compound designed as a selective ligand for PPARβ/δ, exhibiting remarkable binding affinity with an IC50 value of 27 nM. It demonstrates robust inverse agonistic activity, positioning it as a promising candidate for research targeting PPARβ/δ signaling pathways.

Cediranib maleate (AZD-2171 maleate) is a highly effective, orally administered inhibitor targeting VEGFR with remarkable potency. It demonstrates IC50 values of less than 1 nM for Flt1, below 3 nM for KDR, 5 nM for both Flt4 and PDGFRα, 36 nM for PDGFRβ, and 2 nM for c-Kit, showcasing its broad inhibitory activity across multiple kinase targets.

BHC, a small-molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle myosin, effectively suppresses muscle activity by targeting myosin function without altering membrane currents. This compound emerges from a screening process aimed at identifying molecules capable of modulating muscle movement through myosin inhibition. By specifically inhibiting myosin, BHC provides a unique mechanism for controlling muscle contractions while maintaining the integrity of cellular electrical properties.

LTX-401 is a novel oncolytic amino acid derivative that specifically targets the Golgi apparatus, demonstrating significant potential in cancer therapy. In vitro studies reveal that LTX-401 effectively reduces the viability of various tumor cell lines, exhibiting cytotoxic activity across a range of concentrations. Notably, it shows the highest potency against the human malignant melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S (IC50 = 13.5 μM) and the lowest activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HEPG2 (IC50 = 35.4 μM). For other cell lines, the IC50 values fall within a narrow range of 19-32 μM. Importantly, LTX-401 does not induce hemolysis in red blood cells at concentrations effective for cancer cell death, with hemolytic activity only observed at much higher concentrations (400 μg/mL = 1087 μM). Additionally, LTX-401 demonstrates cytotoxicity against non-malignant cell lines, including HUV-EC-C endothelial cells, HaCat keratinocytes, and MRC-5 fibroblasts, suggesting a broad but selective mechanism of action.

Prodrug of the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) which targets hexokinase II (HK2) and GAPDH

Edonerpic, also known as T-817, is a neuroprotectant. Edonerpic is a candidate therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease that inhibits oxidative stress and nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity and acts as a neurotrophic factor. Edonerpic protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by blocking lipid peroxidation in the SNc, and imply that this compound may be useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease.

DC-Chol is a cationic cholesterol derivative. DC-Chol, as a component of lipoplexes with DOPE, has been used for transfection of mRNA into A549 cells without affecting cell viability. Incubation of DC-chol/DOPE liposomes or lipoplexes with human whole blood has no effect on neutrophil elastase or β-thromboglobulin levels or the number of platelets and red and white blood cells, indicating hemocompatibility. DC-Chol has also been widely used in the synthesis of liposomes for the delivery of siRNA, DNA, and chemotherapeutic agents into cells and mice.

TAMRA-PEG4-NHS ester is a TAMRA red fluorescent dye derivative containing an NHS ester group which can be used to label the primary amines (-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules.

di-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity.

mono-Pal-MTO is a palm oil-based lipid produced by combining the anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MTO) with palmitoleic acid. When nanoparticles of mono-Pal-MTO and di-Pal-MTO are combined in a molar ratio of 1:1, they show effective siRNA cell delivery and enhance anticancer activity.

KRIBB3 is an Hsp27 and microtubule inhibitor that inhibits migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro in an Hsp27-dependent manner.

E7090 (E 7090) is a highly potent and selective orally bioavailable inhibitor targeting FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3, with IC50 values of 0.71 nM, 0.50 nM, and 1.2 nM, respectively. It exhibits significantly weaker inhibition of FGFR4, with an IC50 of 120 nM. This distinct selectivity profile positions E7090 as a promising therapeutic candidate for diseases driven by aberrant FGFR1-3 signaling, offering a targeted approach to inhibit these receptors while minimizing off-target effects on FGFR4. Its oral availability further enhances its potential as a convenient and effective treatment option for patients with FGFR-dependent conditions.

TP0427736 is a highly selective inhibitor of ALK5, demonstrating potent activity with an IC50 of 2.72 nM. It effectively suppresses Smad2/3 phosphorylation in A549 cells, highlighting its ability to modulate TGF-β signaling pathways. Additionally, TP0427736 has been shown to reduce the growth inhibition of human outer root sheath cells, suggesting its potential therapeutic utility in conditions where ALK5-mediated signaling plays a critical role. This compound represents a promising tool for investigating ALK5-related biological processes and developing targeted treatments for diseases involving aberrant TGF-β signaling.

Alagebrium Chloride, identified as ALT711, emerged as a pioneering pharmaceutical candidate developed by Alteon, Inc. It marked the first clinical attempt to address the crosslinks formed by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), a key factor in the aging process. By targeting and disrupting these crosslinks, Alagebrium aims to counteract the stiffening of blood vessel walls, a condition linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and various age-related degenerative issues caused by protein crosslinking. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in lowering systolic blood pressure and offering therapeutic advantages for individuals with diastolic dysfunction.

Pemvidutide is a dual agonist targeting both GLP-1R and GCGR, demonstrating significant efficacy in reducing body weight, liver fat content, and serum lipid levels. Its unique mechanism of action makes it a promising candidate for research and therapeutic development in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity. This innovative compound offers potential for addressing complex metabolic disorders with a multifaceted approach.

Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral and anticancer drug. It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s. Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.

Pinostrobin is a flavonoid with diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Pinostrobin is a dietary bioflavonoid discovered more than 6 decades ago in the heart-wood of pine (Pinus strobus). Pinostrobin has depicted many pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-leukaemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-aromatase activities. It is an inhibitor of sodium channel and Ca(2+) signalling pathways and also inhibits intestinal smooth muscle contractions.

Pinocembrin, also known as DL-0108, is an androgen receptor ligand potentially for the treatment of acute stroke.

ML316 is a specific antifungal agent that fungal-selectively inhibits the mitochondrial phosphate carrier Mir1, exhibits potent antifungal activity against the moderatelyazole-resistant C. albicans strain CaCi-2 with MIC of 0.05 ug/ml.

NCI-65828 (designated as N 65828，NSC-65828) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting angiogenin (ANG), a protein critical for angiogenesis and cellular proliferation. Its therapeutic potential stems from selective suppression of ANG's ribonucleolytic function, a biochemical activity essential for mediating downstream biological effects. By disrupting ANG's enzymatic capacity to cleave RNA substrates, NCI-65828 attenuates the protein's pro-angiogenic signaling pathways. Preclinical evaluations highlight its multifaceted antitumor properties. In vitro studies using diverse cancer cell models—including bladder carcinoma (T24; IC₅₀ = 1.3 ± 0.5 μM), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa; IC₅₀ = 1.9 ± 0.4 μM), and urothelial carcinoma (UROtsa; IC₅₀ = 3.2 ± 0.8 μM)—demonstrate dose-dependent antiproliferative effects, with potency variations reflecting tissue-specific sensitivity. Parallel experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) reveal significant inhibition of capillary-like tube formation, confirming its antiangiogenic efficacy in disrupting endothelial morphogenesis. Notably, in vivo investigations using transgenic murine models demonstrate that NCI-65828 effectively suppresses the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions. Mechanistic analysis indicates this activity arises from direct enzymatic inhibition rather than interference with ANG's intracellular trafficking, as nuclear translocation remains unaffected—a distinguishing feature that differentiates it from other ANG-targeted agents. This selective mode of action positions NCI-65828 as a precision tool for studying ANG-dependent pathologies.

5β-Cholanic acid can be used for 5β-Cholanic acid derivatives synthesis.

Furafylline is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450IA2 with an IC50 of 0.07 μM.

PF-04965842 is a selective Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, demonstrating potent activity against JAK1 with an IC50 of 29 nM. Its selectivity is evident from its significantly higher IC50 values for other JAK family members: 803 nM for JAK2, > 10,000 nM for JAK3, and 1,250 nM for TYK2. This selectivity profile suggests that PF-04965842 preferentially targets JAK1 over other JAK isoforms, which could be advantageous in reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic outcomes in conditions where JAK1 signaling is implicated.

RapiFluor-MS can be used a marker for LC-MS/MS analysis of N-glycans, which provides the highest MS signal enhancement for neutral glycans.