Dichlormid is a herbicide safener. Dichlormid up-regulates expression of ZmGST27 and ZmMRP1 and increases ZmGT1.

AP-18, a potent and selective TRPA1 inhibitor, blocks activation of TRPA1 by 50 μM Cinnamaldehyde with an IC50 of 3.1 μM and 4.5 μM for human and mouse TRPA1, respectively. AP-18 reverses complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. AP-18 attenuated 30 μM AITC-induced Yo-Pro uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 10.3 μM.

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

7-Aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of cephalosporins.

4-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl)benzoic acid has hypoglycaemic activity. 4-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl)benzoic acid follows a mechanism based on the response to the oral glucose overcharge.

2-Palmitoylglycerol (2-Palm-Gl), an congener of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), is a modest cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist. 2-Palmitoylglycerol also may be an endogenous ligand for GPR119.

Thiodicarb is a carbamate insecticide used to control flies in animal and poultry houses and dairies. Thiodicarb is metabolized into methomyl in animals and plants, and subsequently degraded into carbon dioxide and acetonitrile.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is a biguanide disinfectant with rapid bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organism. The antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine diacetate is related to its action on the bacterial cell membrane and to precipitation of intracellular contents.

6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is an important precursor for the synthesis of ?-lactam antibiotics. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid is the main product of Penicillin G (PenG) hydrolyzed by penicillin acylase (PA).

3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Threonine (H-D-Thr-OH) is an enantiomer of L-threonine. D-Threonine is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

p-Tolualdehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Methylanisole (4-Methoxytoluene) is food flavoring agent and can be naturally found in Ylang Ylang fragrance oil.

Isoquinoline is an analog of?pyridine. Isoquinoline structural-based alkaloids, such as tropoloisoquinoline, phthalideisoquinoline, and naphthylisoquinoline has anti-cancer activities.

2-Methylacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Ethylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

1,5,5-Trimethylhydantoin (TMH) is a non-isotopic internal standard (IS).

Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite.

DL-Tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.

TMPD dihydrochloride, a readily oxidizable compound, is an enzymatically convert redox active substrate molecule. TMPD dihydrochloride is also an electron donor and serves as a reducing cosubstrate for heme peroxidases. TMPD dihydrochloride is also a complex IV substrate.

Muramic acid is a component in many Gram-positive bacterial cell walls, as marker for Gram-positive bacteria.

Monobenzyl phthalate (2-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid) is the urinary metabolite exposuring to phthalates, such as, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).

Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) possesses anesthetic effect. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is common used to immobilize fish for marking or transport and to suppress sensory systems during invasive procedures.

Methyl palmitoleate ((Z)-Methyl hexadec-9-enoate), a fatty acid methyl ester, is an analogue of Palmitoleate with cytoprotective and growth-promoting properties.

Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via?p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.

Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis.

Pelargonidin chloride is a scavenger of nitric oxide radical and has antioxidant activities.

Benzyl butyl phthalate, a member of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), can trigger the migration and invasion of hemangioma (HA) cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Benzyl butyl phthalate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells to stimulate SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling and enhances formation of metastasis-initiating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).

Phytosphingosine is a?phospholipid and has anti-cancer activities. Phytosphingosine induces cell apoptosis via caspase 8 activation and Bax translocation in cancer cells.