activate TLR8-dependent NF-kB signaling

E014 is a potent, selective TLR7 agonist with EC50 of 69 nM in Ramos Blue reporter assays, >500-fold selective for TLR7 over TLR8.

CU-CPT17e shows strong NF-κB activation in TLR3, TLR8 and TLR9 HEK293 cells with EC50 values of 4.80±0.73, 13.5±0.58 and 5.66±0.17 μM, respectively. CU-CPT17e significantly improves the activity with 13.9±0.9 fold of NF-κB activation and an EC50 value of 4.8±0.7 μM. CU-CPT17e inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the S phase. The induction of apoptosis by CU-CPT17e in HeLa cells is investigated. HeLa cells are cultured with increasing concentrations of CU-CPT17e or poly I:C or blank control (DMSO) for 24 h. Treatment with CU-CPT17e for 24 h at different concentrations (10 to 40 μM) results in an elevation of apoptotic cell population ranging from 10% to 17%, which is more effective than poly I:C at 5 μg/mL. These results suggest that the antiproliferative activity of CU-CPT17e against HeLa cells might result from its ability to directly induce apoptosis[1].

CU-CPD107 is a TLR8-specific small molecule with unique synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA, but inactive without the aid of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 significantly inhibited of R848-induced signaling in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells with an IC50 of 13.7 uM.CU-CPD107 only inhibited synthesized small-molecule agonist-induced TLR8 signaling without affecting other TLRs.CU-CPD107 synergistically increased IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels in the presence of 5 μg/ml ssRNA40 in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells, whereas CU-CPD107 alone did not. CU-CPD107 only activated TLR8-mediated signaling in the presence of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 showed no pure agonistic activity, addressing a major challenge that has existed for previous TLR7 and TLR8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants or antiviral drugs.

D18 is an immune modulator. D18 acts as a TLR7/8 dual agonist (EC50=24 nM for hTLR7 and 10 nM for hTLR8, respectively). D18 increases PD-L1 expression through epigenetic regulation, thus sensitizing tumors to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. D18 is a ADC cytotoxin uesd for the systhesis of ADC HE-S2.

Enpatoran (M5049) is an orally active and dual TLR7/8 inhibitor with IC50s of 11.1 nM and 24.1 nM in HEK293 cells, respectively. Enpatoran can block both innate and adaptive autoimmunity. Enpatoran is inactive against TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Enpatoran (M5049) can block molecule synthetic ligands and natural endogenous RNA ligands. Enpatoran (M5049) inhibits cytokine release, causing great potency in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties.

TLR7-IN-1 is a novel TLR7 inhibitor.

M1002 is a first-in-class HIF-2a agonists.

C29 is a potential TLR2 inhibitor.

AYK004-C1 is a TLR agonist. AYK004-C1 can be used to prepare immune adjuvants.

GSK2245035 is a highly potent and selective intranasal Toll-Like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with preferential Type-1 interferon (IFN)-stimulating properties. GSK2245035 has pEC50s of 9.3 and 6.5 for IFNα and TFNα. GSK2245035 effectively suppresses allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production in human peripheral blood cell cultures. GSK2245035 is used for asthma.