8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate biscyclohexylammonium salt is produced by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate using NADH formed during glycolysis.

3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid is an endogenous metabolite. 3α,7α-Dihydroxycoprostanic acid, a bile acid, is the precursor to chenodeoxycholic acid.

DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a potent inhibitor of the growth of E. coli. DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of the acyltransferase.

nor-NOHA (Nω-Hydroxy-nor-L-arginine) monoacetate is a potent and selective arginase inhibitor. nor-NOHA monoacetate inhibits rat liver arginase with a Ki of 0.5 μM.

L-Sepiapterin (Sepiapterin) is a precursor of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). L-Sepiapterin improves endothelial dysfunction in small mesenteric arteries from db/db mice, and induces angiogenesis. L-Sepiapterin inhibits cell proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells via down-regulation of p70S6K-dependent VEGFR-2 expression.

Pseudoerythromycin A enol ether (LY267108) is a degradation product of Erythromycin. Pseudoerythromycin A enol ether has no significant antimicrobial activity.

Lumisterol 3 (>90%) (9β,10α-Cholesta-5,7-dien-3β-ol) is a normal human secosterooid metabolite from the class of vitamin D3 photoisomer derivatives. Lumisterol 3 (>90%) is used in the preparation of vitamin D.

Bifenazate-diazene is a major degradation product of Bifenazate. Bifenazate is a selective carbazate acaricide and an insecticide.

Kushenol C, isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, shows anti-Inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities. Kushenol C inhibits BACE1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) with an IC50 of 5.45 μM.

C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.

Z-LVG-CHN2 is a cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinase. Z-LVG-CHN2 is a tripeptide derivative and mimics part of the human cysteine proteinase-binding center. Z-LVG-CHN2 displays an inhibition on HSV whereas no significant effect on poliovirus replication. Z-LVG-CHN2 effectively blocks SARS-COV-2 replication (EC50=190 nM) via inhibition of SARS-COV-2 3CL pro protease.

Antimycin A1 is a specific electron transfer inhibitor of ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase. Antimycin A1 inhibits angiogenesis through decrease in VEGF production caused by inhibition of HIF-1α activation.

Ebeiedinone, a steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria species, inhibits the bioactivity of human whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) at the concentration of 0.1 mM, with the inhibitory effects of 69.0%.

SY-640 is an Acetamide derivative and has potent hepatoprotective effect. SY-640 reduces Propionibacterium acnes and Lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice.

GSK356278 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), with pIC50s of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.7 for human PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D, respectively. GSK356278 has anti-inflammatory activity, and exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects.

Ladostigil (TV-3326) is a dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO), with an IC50 of 37.1 and 31.8 μM for MAO-B and AChE, reapectively. Ladostigil could increase cholinergic transmission, prevent the formation of ROS or their actions and be used for the research of depression and Alzheimer's disease.

ARL67156 trisodium salt hydrate is an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase. ARL67156 trisodium salt hydrate is a weak competitive inhibitor of NTPDase1 (CD39), NTPDase3 and NPP1, with Kis of 11, 18 and 12?μM, respectively. ARL67156 trisodium salt hydrate prevents in vivo the development of calcific aortic valve disease.

C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss.

BML-111, a lipoxin A4 analog, is a lipoxin A4 receptor agonist. BML-111 represses the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and increases the activity of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2). BML-111 has antiangiogenic, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties.

SHIP2-IN-1 is a potent SHIP2, inhibits SHIP2 activity, with an IC50 of 2 µM. SHIP2-IN-1 blocks GSK3β activation by phosphorylation at the Ser9 residue. SHIP2-IN-1 is used in the research of Alzheimer’s disease.

L-690330 hydrate is a competitive of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) with Kis of 0.27 and 0.19 μM for recombinant human and bovine IMPase, 0.30 and 0.42 μM for human and bovine frontal cortex IMPase, respectively. L-690330 hydrate exhibits 10-fold more sensitive than mouse and rat IMPase.

Angstrom6 (A6 Peptide) is an 8 amino-acid peptide derived from single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) and interferes with the uPA/uPAR cascade and abrogates downstream effects. Angstrom6 binds to CD44 resulting in the inhibition of migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, and the modulation of CD44-mediated cell signaling.

(±)-Amiflamine (FLA 336) is a potent monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) with a pIC50 of 5.57.

Kushenol M is a flavonoid from Sophora flavescens. Kushenol M is a cytochrome P450 (CYP), with IC50 values of 1.29 μM for CYP3A4 in in human liver microsomes.

Kurarinol is a flavanone found in the root of Sophora flavescens. Kurarinol is a competitive tyrosinase, with IC50 of 0.1 μM for mushroom tyrosinase.

9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (9-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 9-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 26% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (13-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 13-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 75% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium trihydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.