Monocerin is an isocoumarin derivative. Monocerin is isolated from Microdochium bolleyi, an endophytic fungus from Fagonia cretica. Monocerin shows good antifungal, antibacterial, and antialgal activities against Microbotryum violaceum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, and Chlorella fusca.

c[Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Nal-Nal-Nal] (Compound 9C) shows broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs of 3.1, 3,1, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL for MRSA (ATCC BAA-1556), S. aureus (ATCC 29213), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27883), and E. coli (ATCC 25922), respectively.

c[Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Dip-Dip-Dip] (Compound 8C) shows broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs of 3.1, 3,1, 12.5, and 12.5 μg/mL for MRSA (ATCC BAA-1556), S. aureus (ATCC 29213), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27883), and E. coli (ATCC 25922), respectively.

epi-Equisetin, a secondary metabolite, has antibacterial activity.

Pachybasin is a major metabolite from culture broth of endophytic coelomyceteous AFKR-18 fungus. Pachybasin showes antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, M. luteus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, A. niger, and A. flavus, with MIC values of 64.0 μg/mL, and against S. aureus and F. oxysporum with MIC values of 32.0 and 16.0 μg/mL respectively.

Anticancer agent 34 (compound 9), a sulfonylurea derivative, is a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 34 inhibits the microbial growth of B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans with a MIC between 0.156 and 0.039 mg/ml. Anticancer agent 34 inhibits A549, PC3 cell growth with IC50s of 8.4 µg/ml, 7.8 µg/ml, respectively.

Kumbicin C is a bis-indolyl benzenoid compound from an Australian soil fungus, Aspergillus kumbius. Kumbicin C inhibits the growth of mouse myeloma cells and the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.

Talaromycesone A is an oxaphenalenone dimer compound. Talaromycesone A exhibits potent antibacterial activities with an IC50 of 3.70 μM, against human pathogenic Staphylococcus strains. Talaromycesone A displays potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities with an IC50 of 7.49 μM.

Antibacterial agent 74 (compound 36) is an anti-Salmonella agent.

Afabicin (Debio 1450) is the prodrug of Debio1452, specifically targeting staphylococci without significant activity against other Gram-positive or Gram-negative species. Debio1452 is an inhibitor FabI, an enzyme critical to fatty acid biosynthesis in staphylococci.

FPI-1465 acts a dual inhibitor of serine-β-Lactamases and Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).FPI-1465 inhibits PBP2 (IC50=1.0 µg/mL). FPI-1465 exhibits activity against β-lactamase CTX-M-15 and OXA-48 with Kds of 0.011 and 5.3 µM, respectively.

Penicolinate A is a picolinic acid derivative. Penicolinate A is isolated from endophytic Penicillium sp. BCC16054. Penicolinate A exhibits antimalarial and antitubercular activities.

RmlA-IN-1 (Compound 8a) is a potent inhibitor of glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RmlA) with an IC50 of 0.073 μM. RmlA-IN-1 influences monosaccharide l-Rhamnose biosynthetic pathway. RmlA-IN-1 affects bacterial cell wall permeability.

2-Hydroxydocosanoic acid has antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities.

Curvulamine A, an antibacterial alkaloid, shows potent antibacterial activity.

Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells.

Desfuroylceftiofur is an active metabolite of Ceftiofur which is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. Desfuroylceftiofur is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

17-Hydroxyventuricidin A (YP-02259L-C) is an antimicrobial compound.17-Hydroxyventuricidin A inhibits the growth of the two tested filamentous fungi (Verticillium dahlia and Fusarium sp.) and of Candida tropicalis R2 CIP203.

MsbA-IN-2 (compound 12) is a potent lipopolysaccharide transporter MsbA inhibitor with an IC50 of 2 nM for E. coli MsbA.

Antibacterial agent 68 (compound 4d) is an antibacterial agent against drug-resistant Escherichia coli. Antibacterial agent 68 has low cytotoxicity and exerts strong antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli at low concentrations as 0.007 mM.

TNP-2198 is a potent and orally bioavailable dual-targeted antibacterial agent. TNP-2198 has potent activity against microaerophilic and anaerobic bacterial pathogens.

Nangibotide TFA is a TREM-1 receptor inhibitor that can modulate innate immune response. Nangibotide TFA can reduce systemic and in situ inflammatory reaction in rodent models of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion.

PAMP-12 is a potent MRGPRX2 (MrgX2) agonist (EC50=20-50 nM). PAMP-12 is an endogenous peptide that elicit hypotension through inhibiting catecholamine secretion from sympathetic nerve endings and adrenal chromaffin cells.

CKLF1-C27, a C-terminal peptide of CKLF1, binds to CCR4 receptor and activates ERK1/2 pathway. CKLF1-C27 can abrogate the effect of CKLF1 on cells by competing for CCR4 receptor. CKLF1-C27 shows great effect on promoting proliferation on HUVECs. CKLF1-C27 has the potential for psoriasis research.

CKLF1-C27, a C-terminal peptide of CKLF1, binds to CCR4 receptor and activates ERK1/2 pathway. CKLF1-C27 can abrogate the effect of CKLF1 on cells by competing for CCR4 receptor. CKLF1-C27 shows great effect on promoting proliferation on HUVECs. CKLF1-C27 has the potential for psoriasis research.

Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog. Insulin glargine can be used for the diabetes mellitus.

Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity.

Malformin A1, a cyclic pentapeptide isolated from Aspergillus niger, possess a range of bioactive properties including antibacterial activity. Malformin A1 shows potent cytotoxic activities on human colorectal cancer cells. Malformin A1 induces apoptosis by activating PARP, caspase 3, -7, and -9.

Indolicidin acetate is a potent antimicrobial peptide purified from the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils.

Arginase inhibitor 1 is a potent inhibitor of human arginases I and II with IC50s of 223 and 509 nM, respectively.