Revusiran (ALN-TTRSC) is a 1st-generation short interfering RNA, which directed against transthyretin (TTR) mRNA. Revusiran can be used for transthyretin (TTR)-mediated amyloidosis research.

Vutrisiran (ALN-TTRsc02) is a liver-directed, investigational, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) agent. Vutrisiran can be used for transthyretin (TTR)-mediated amyloidosis research.

IONIS-MAPTRx (BIIB080) is the first Tau-lowering antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). IONIS-MAPTRx has the potential for the research of Alzheimer Disease.

AB-729, a nucleoside analogue, is an RNA interference (RNAi). AB-729 conjugates to a trimer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand that promotes uptake into hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR). AB-729 inhibits viral replication and reduces HBV antigens.

Essential oils, Melaleuca alternifolia is extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, has bactericidal and anti-inflammatory activies.

AZD8601 is an mRNA designed to produce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). AZD8601 accelerates diabetic wound healing.

Lexanersen (WVE-120102) is an antisense oligonucleotide used for the study of Huntington's disease.

Suvodirsen (WVE-210201) is a oligonucleotide. Suvodirsen has the potential for study Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Fitusiran (ALN-AT3SC), an small interfering RNA, specifically targets antithrombin (AT) messenger RNA to lower production of AT in the liver. Fitusiran increases thrombin generation and has the potential for the research of the hemophilia.

Lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, activates the complement system via C3 induction and CD55 inhibition.

SLN124 is a GalNac-siRNA targeting transmembrane serine protease 6 (Tmprss6). SLN124 is composed of a trimeric GalNAc ligand conjugated to TMPRSS6‐siRNA. SLN124 has the potential for an siRNA to restore hepcidin expression and normalise iron homeostasis in β‐thalassaemia.

MTL-CEPBA is a small activating RNA targeting for upregulation of C/EBPα. MTL-CEPBA has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.

Lademirsen (SAR339375; RG-012) is a highly specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting miR-21. Lademirsen has the potential for Alport nephropathy research.

Givosiran (ALN-AS1) is a small interfering RNA that targets hepatic aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1) messenger RNA. Givosiran downregulates ALAS1 mRNA and prevents accumulation of neurotoxic δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen levels. Givosiran can be used for the research of acute intermittent porphyria.

Golodirsen (SRP-4053) is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) that specifically targets exon 53 of dystrophin pre-mRNA. Golodirsen can be used for the research of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

RG-101 is a hepatocyte targeted N-acetylgalactosamine conjugated oligonucleotide that antagonises miR-122. miR-122 is an important host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication.

Teprasiran (QPI-1002) is a small interfering RNA that temporarily inhibits p53-mediated cell death that underlies acute kidney injury (AKI).

Patisiran sodium is a double-stranded small interfering RNA that targets a sequence within the transthyretin (TTR) messenger RNA. Patisiran sodium specifically inhibits hepatic synthesis of mutant and wild-type TTR. Patisiran sodium can be used for the research of hereditary TTR amyloidosis.

Viltolarsen (NS-065/NCNP-01), a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligonucleotide, targets the splicing of exon 53 in the dystrophin gene. Viltolarsen can be used for the research of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Casimersen (SRP-4045) is an antisense oligonucleotide of the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer subclass. Casimersen binds to exon 45 of dystrophin pre-mRNA, restores the open-reading frame (by skipping exon 45) resulting in the production of an internally truncated but functional dystrophin protein. Casimersen can be used for the research of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Fomivirsen sodium is an antisense 21 mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Fomivirsen is an antiviral agent that is used cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) research, incluiding in AIDs. Fomivirsen sodium binds to and degrades the mRNAs encoding CMV immediate-early 2 protein (required for viral replication), thus providing bioactive effects for CMV retinitis by inhibition of virus proliferation.

Pegaptanib sodium is an RNA aptamer directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165. Pegaptanib could be used for the study of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) .

Eteplirsen (AVI 4658) is a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide. Eteplirsen can be used for Duchenne muscular dystrophy research.

Lumasiran sodium, an investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent, reduces hepatic oxalate production by targeting glycolate oxidase. Lumasiran sodium reduces urinary oxalate excretion, the cause of progressive kidney failure in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) .

Tadnersen (BIIB078), an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), selectively targets C9ORF72 transcript variants 1 and 3 that carry the expansion.

SRP-5051 is a next-generation antisense oligonucleotide of peptide phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PPMO). SRP-5051 targeting exon 51 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

IONIS-DNM2-2.5Rx (DYM101) is an antisense agent targeting dynamin 2. IONIS-DNM2-2.5Rx has the potential for the research of centronuclear myopathy (CNM).

Tyrphostin 8 is a tyrosine kinase, with an IC50 of 560 μM for EGFR kinase. Tyrphostin 8 is also a GTPase inhibitor. Tyrphostin 8 can inhibit the protein serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (IC50=21 μM).

Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic is a potent HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat formic inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat formic induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat formic induces apoptosis.

RIP2 Kinase Inhibitor 4 is a potent and selective RIPK2 PROTAC. RIP2 Kinase Inhibitor 4 effectively degrades RIPK2 (pIC50 of 8) and inhibits the release of related TNF-α.