Validamycin A is an aminoglycoside agricultural antibiotic. Validamycin A inhibits the growth of A. flavus, with a MIC of 1?μg/mL. Validamycin A is a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor, with a Ki of 5.893 mM.

Paclobutrazol is a triazole-containing plant growth retardant that is known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Paclobutrazol also has antifungal activities. Paclobutrazol, transported acropetally in plants, can also suppress the synthesis of abscisic acid and induce chilling tolerance in plants.Paclobutrazol is typically used to support research on the role of gibberellins in plant biology.

Dimethomorph is a morpholine fungicide that inhibits fungal cell wall formation. Dimethomorph inhibits mycelial growth of the oomycete fungi P. citrophthora, P. parasitica, P. capsici, and P. infestans (EC50s=0.14 μg/mL, 0.38 μg/mL, <0.1 μg/mL, and 0.16-0.3 μg/mL, respectively) but is less active against the green algae species C. vulgaris or S. obliquus in vitro (EC50s=47.46 μg/mL and 44.87 μg/mL, respectively). Dimethomorph inhibits androgen receptor (AR) activity in a reporter assay in MDA-kb2 human breast cancer cells but not in a yeast antiandrogen screen (IC20s=0.263 μM and 38.5 μM, respectively).

Metalaxyl-M ((R)-Metalaxyl) is the active (R)-enantiomer of Metalaxyl. Metalaxyl-M is a broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits protein and ribosomal RNA synthesis in?fungi. Metalaxyl is used for research of plant diseases caused by pathogens of the Oomycota division.

Nikkomycin Z, a nucleoside-peptide, is a selective competitive chitin synthesis inhibitor. Nikkomycin Z has antifungal effects and acts as a competitive analogue of the chitin synthase substrate UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.

(Z)-Lanoconazole is the Z configuration of Lanoconazole. Lanoconazole is a potent and orally active imidazole antifungal agent, shows a broad spectrum of activity against fungi?in vitro?and?in vivo. Lanoconazole interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting sterol 14-alpha demethylase and blocking fungal membrane ergosterol biosynthesis. Lanoconazole can be used for the investigation of dermatophytosis and onychomycosis.

Polyoxin D (Polyoxorim), a polyoxin antibiotic fungicide, is a potent chitin synthetase inhibitor.

Fosetyl-aluminum (Fosetyl-Al) is an active ingredient in many fungicides against downy mildew. Fosetyl-aluminum is used to control many diseases caused by Phytophthora spp. on agricultural and horticultural crops.

Diethofencarb is a fungicide with strong activity against Botrytis cinerea and Benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botryis spp. Diethofencarb has a role as an antifungal agrochemical.

Triclopyricarb (SYP-7017) is a strobilurin fungicide that can be used in crops disease control. Triclopyricarb inhibits mycelial growth with EC50 values ranged from 0.006 μg/mL to 0.047 μg/mL.

Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats.

2,2-Dibromopropanoic acid is a dibromo product based on panoic acid. Propionic acid is a short chain fatty acid and acts as chemical intermediate. Propionic acid is also a mold inhibitor and widely used in food preservative.

8-Abietenic acid is the secondary metabolite of mucorinic acid and is isolated from a solid culture of the fungus Mucor spp. isolated on insect Acalymma bivittula. 8-Abietenic acid exhibits antibacterial and insecticidal activities.

Tolytoxin, a bioactive metabolite from cyanobacteria, is a potent antifungal antibiotic, exhibiting MICs of 0.25-8 nmol. Tolytoxin is a cyanobacterial macrolide that targets actin by inhibition of its polymerization. Tolytoxin has cytotoxic effects in cancer cells.

Isoeleutherin is a naphthopyran derivative isolated from E. americana Merr. Et Heyne with anti-fungal, anti-viral, and anti-tumor activities. Isoeleutherin plays an important role in selective modulation of T helper cell-mediated immune responses.

Sordarin is a potent diphthamide-dependent eEF2 inhibitor with antifungal properties. Sordarin targets eEF2 so as to inhibit protein translation by blocking eEF2-mediated translocation of tRNAs. Sordarin inhibits translation specifically in certain fungi (e.g. C.?albicans,?C.?glabrata, and?C.?neoformans) while unable to do so in some other fungal species (e.g. Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae).

Kresoxim-methyl (BAS 490 F), a Strobilurin-based fungicide, inhibits the respiration at the complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex). Kresoxim-methyl binds to complex III from yeast with an apparent Kd of 0.07 μM proving a high affinity for this enzyme.

Lipoxamycin is an antifungal antibiotic and a potent serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor with an IC50 of 21 nM.

Cyprodinil is an anilinopyrimidine broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine in phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil inhibits mycelial cell growth of B. cinerea, P. herpotrichoides, and H. oryzae on amino acid-free media (IC50s=0.44, 4.8, and 0.03 μM, respectively). Cyprodinil acts as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (EC50=1.91 μM) in the absence of the AR agonist DHT and inhibits the androgenic effect of DHT (IC50=15.1 μM).

Thalifoline is an alkaloid isolated from the New Caledonian plant Cryptocarya longifolia and displays antifungal activity.

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid that has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antimutagenesis, and antioxidant activity. Robinetin also can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein glycosylation.

Thymol iodide is a compound of Iodide and Thymol. Thymol iodide acts as a substitute for iodoform. Thymol iodide is an iodine derivative of Thymol (a phenol derived from thyme oil), which is mostly used as mild antiseptic and fungicide.

(S,S)-Valifenalate ((S,S)-IR5885) is an acylamino acid fungicide and is used to control a wide range of fungi belonging to the class of Oomycetes. (S,S)-Valifenalate ((S,S)-IR5885) interferes with the cell-wall synthesis thus affecting the growth stages of the pathogens controlled, both outside (on the spores) or inside the plant (on the mycelium).

Posaconazole-D4 is a deuterium-labeled form of Posaconazole. Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum, second generation, triazole compound with antifungal activity.

SSF-109 is a broad-spectrum fungicide which has protective activity against plant disease. SSF-109 inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol at the 14α-demethylation step in Botrytis cinerea.

5-Aminouridine can modify nucleobases and can be incorporated into the target DNA. 5-Aminouridine exhibits a wide range of biological activity and it inhibits the growth of tumors, fungi and viruses.

Rezafungin acetate (Biafungin acetate) is a next-generation, broad-spectrum, and long-lasting echinocandin. Rezafungin acetate shows potent antifungal activity against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis spp..

Terbinafine (Lamisil, Terbinex)

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Fosfluconazole (INN) is a water-soluble phosphate prodrug of fluconazole