AKOS-22 is a potent mitochondrial protein VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) inhibitor (Kd=15.4 μM). AKOS-22 interacts with VDAC1 and inhibiting both VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis. AKOS-22 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction.

(R)-Trolox is a water soluble vitamin E analogue and a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.83 mM and a ID50 value of 1.88 mM. The (R)-Trolox has stronger tyrosinase affinity than the (S) enantiomer (Ki value of 0.61 mM).

MC3482 is a potent, specific SIRT5 inhibitor, increases the ammonia content in cells leading to autophagy and mitophagy, shows selective SIRT5 inhibition vs SIRT1-3.

A negative control compound of BI-3802 and BI-3812, which are potent and efficacious BCL6 degrader and inhibitor, respectively.

A small molecule Bax inhibitor that inhibits Bax/Bak oligomerization and prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) with IC50 of 0.7 uM; potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity.

A derivative of BAM-7 that acts as a nove potent, direct activator of Bax with EC50 of 700 nM; inhibits GBM cell proliferation, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis through the induction of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization; also blocks proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs and induces their apoptosis; sensitizes both GBM cells and GSCs to the alkylating agent Temozolomide.

Voluloride is a conjunctival epithelial cell sodium channel (ENaC) blocker.

PF-06526290 is a potent, selective Nav1.3 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.1 uM, interact with the Domain 4 voltage sensor domain (D4 VSD and shows no activity for Nav1.7.

NCT-507 (NCT507) is a potent, selective, orally available ALDH1A1 inhibitor with IC50 of 7 nM (hALDH1A1), exhibits high specificity over other ALDH isozymes and unrelated dehydrogenases; also exhibits IC50 of 53 nM in MIA PaCa-2 Aldefluor cell-based assays; demonstrates target engagement in CETSA asssays, inhibits the formation of 3D spheroid cultures of OV-90 cancer cells, and potentiates the cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel in SKOV-3-TR, a Paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer cell line.

VGSC blocker 4 is a potent, small molecule blocker of neonatal isoform of the VGSC subtype, Nav1.5 (nNav1.5), blocks INa peak currents 25% at 1 uM; inhibits cell invasion 28% at 1 uM in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, without affecting the cell viability..

Sodium dichloroacetate is a metabolic regulator in cancer cells' mitochondria with anticancer activity. Sodium dichloroacetate inhibits PDHK, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Sodium dichloroacetate also works as NKCC inhibitor.

Tropinone, an alkaloid, acts as a synthetic intermediate to Atropine.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (P-hydroxyacetophenone) is a key hepatoprotective and choleretic compound in Artemisia capillaris and A. morrisonensis, also has an anti-hepatitis B virus effect and anti-inflammatory effect.

(S)-Tenofovir ((S)-GS 1278) is the less active S-enantiomer of Tenofovir. Tenofovir is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis B (HBV).

OR-1855, an active metabolite of Levosimendan, has effect on human myometrial contractility. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitiser used in the management of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.

Methyl homoveratrate, a metabolite of RWJ-26240 in vivo, can be identified in plasma, urine and faecal extract. McN5691 (RWJ-26240) is a voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker.

4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) is an artificial substrate of 4-nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranoside for detecting α-galactosidase activity. The amount of released pNP is significantly increased when 4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside is used as substrates.

Tricarballylic acid, a conjugate acid of a tricarballylate, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme aconitate hydratase (aconitase; EC 4.2.1.3) with a Ki value of 0.52 mM.

Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity.

Glufosinate ammonium, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is an herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate ammonium exerts neurotoxic activity.

trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits.

Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents.

4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde is a reversible aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) inhibitor, with a Ki of 4 nM for ALDH1. 4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde displays potent anti-androgenic effect (IC50= 1.71μM).

Glycyl-l-leucine is a dipeptide that can be a common substrate for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase.

L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme.

Vanillyl butyl ether is a major contributor to the characteristic flavor and fragrance of vanilla. Vanillyl butyl ether is one of the eco-friendly and nontoxic substances. Vanillyl butyl ether has been proposed as a mild warming agent providing a warming sensation and enhancing the blood circulation.

N-Acetyl-L-methionine, a human metabolite, is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. L-methionine is an indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development.

Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated drug-drug interactions .

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate, the active form of vitamin B6, is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the final stage in the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate is the most important coenzyme variant in the process of vitamin B6 intracellular phosphorylation and is interconvertible with other variants, including pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate (PMP).

(±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes.