Gly-PEG3-BA is an EML4-ALK PROTAC degrader. Gly-PEG3-BA effectively reduces EML4-ALK with a DC50 value of 0.50 μM in H3122 (EML4-ALK) cells. Gly-PEG3-BA effectively reduces EGFR mutant (L858R/T790M) levels with a DC50 of 20.15 μM in H1975 (EGER-L858R/T790M) cells. Gly-PEG3-BA exerts potent antiproliferation activity in H3122 (EML4-ALK) and H1975 (EGER-L858R/T790M) cells with IC50s value of 0.84 and 20.74 μM. Gly-PEG3-BA can be used for non-small lung cancer research.

Glutathioselenol (GS-SeH) is a nucleoside metabolite.

Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine is a key biomarkers distinguishing stage II and stage III thyroid cancer.

Glutathione sulfinanilide (GSOAN) is a derivative of Nitrosobenzene. Glutathione sulfinanilide can be generated by the reaction of Nitrosobenzene with GSH. Glutathione sulfinanilide is degradable in rat liver homogenate.

Glutaminase C-IN-3 is a potent allosteric inhibitor of Glutaminase C (GAC) with an EC50 of 116 nM. Glutaminase C-IN-3 regulates cellular metabolites and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by blocking glutamine metabolism. Glutaminase C-IN-3 exhibits strong antitumor activity in an A549 xenograft mouse model. Glutaminase C-IN-3 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Glucosylceramide synthase-IN-6 (G3-3B) is a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor that can be used for the study of the diseases and disorders associated with GCS activity, such as lysosomal storage disorders.

Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) is a synthetic analogue of muramil-dipeptide. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide inhibits 5'-nucleotidase activity. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide produces marked antitumor effect. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide can be used in sepsis research.

Glucagon receptor antagonist-8 (Compound 1) is a human glucagon receptor and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase antagonist, with IC50s of 0.27 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively.

GLP-1R-agonist-43 (Compound A) is an orally active GLP-1R agonist with an EC50 of 2.68 nM. GLP-1R-agonist-43 can be used in the research of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) and obesity.

GLP-1R agonist 44 is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. GLP-1R agonist 44 can be used for the research of diseases related to GLP-1R, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, nephropathy, gout, hematuria, cardiovascular disease.

GLP-1R agonist 35 (Compound 111-2) is a GLP-1R agonist with an EC50 of 0-10 nM. GLP-1R agonist 36 can be used for the studies of diabetes and obesity.

GLP-1 receptor agonist 18 is an orally active GLP-1 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 0.22 nM. GLP-1 receptor agonist 18 can reduces blood sugar levels and body weight. GLP-1 receptor agonist 18 can be used for the research of diabetes.

Glaspimod is a haemoregulatory peptide.

GIT1-IN-1 is an inhibitor of ARF GTPase-activating protein 1 (GIT1) with a KD of 6.2 μM. GIT1-IN-1 induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in liver and colon cancer cells, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. GIT1-IN-1 inhibits the activities of MEK and ERK, reduces the expression level of cyclin D1, and stabilizes cyclin B1 protein in liver and colon cancer cells. GIT1-IN-1 can be used in the research of liver cancer and colon cancer.

GIPR antagonist 2 (Example 14) is a GIPR antagonist that can be used for the study of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Ginsenoside C-K hexapropionate ester (Structure 2) is a selective agonist of LXRα, with no significant activation effect on LXRβ. Ginsenoside C-K hexapropionate ester upregulates the expression of downstream genes such as ABCA1 by activating LXRα, promoting reverse cholesterol transport, and reducing lipid deposition in macrophage-derived foam cells. It can be used in the research of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside C-K hexapropionate ester is a derivative synthesized from ginsenoside Compound K, an active metabolite of Panax notoginseng saponins, by modification with propionic anhydride.

Gem-C12 is a prodrug of Gemcitabine. Gem-C12 terminates DNA chain elongation, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and induces Apoptosis. Gem-C12 inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells. Gem-C12 and Honokiol exhibit synergistic anti-glioblastoma activity. Gem-C12 can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme.

GCB-27b is an immunostimulant that binds to CD1d. GCB-27b forms a stable and long-lasting complex with CD1d, which is presented to the TCR of NKT cells to drive immune responses. GCB-27b induces a Th1-skewed immune response in *Mus musculus*, resulting in high expression of IFN−γ with restricted IL-4 levels. GCB-27b is applicable to research related to lung metastasis of melanoma.

GATT-44 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable, selective GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) ligand with an IC50 of 126 nM. GATT-44 shows selectivity for GAT-2, GAT-3 and BGT-1 subtypes, and undergoes copper-mediated 18F-radiofluorination. The radiolabeled GATT-44 ([18F]GATT-44) exhibits brain uptake, metabolic stability and high GAT-1 binding specificity in non-human primates. GATT-44 is applicable for research on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium is a member of the ganglioside family. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium acts as a protective signal against nerve injury-induced spinal synapse elimination. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium induces HA synthesis and the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR in orbital fibroblasts. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium enhances porcine oocyte maturation and induces activation of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium is a putative host cell receptor for the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, immunology, endocrinology and neurological disease, such as Thyroid eye disease.

Ganglioside GQ1b (porcine brain) (tetraammonium) is a glycosphingolipid.

Ganglioside GD1b (porcine brain) (diammonium) is a glycosphingolipid.

Galloyl-coenzyme A thioester is a CoA-thioester of Gallic acid that can be found in plants as an intermediate in gallotannin biosynthesis.Galloyl-coenzyme A thioester possesses spectral properties that support photometric assay use in enzymatic studies.

Gal-GIcNAc-oxazoline (compound 24) is an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and azide-modified disaccharide that can be used to label antibodies. Gal-GIcNAc-oxazoline can be synthesized as an ADC via click chemistry.

GABRA5 modulator-1 is a GABRA5 modulator.

G9a-IN-4 is a G9a inhibitor with high selectivity (IC50 = 32 nM). G9a-IN-4 shows high selectivity against the other tested lysine/arginine methyltransferases. G9a-IN-4 exhibits high enzymatic activity against G9a and more potent antiproliferative effects against all tested cancer cells. G9a-IN-4 significantly suppresses the H3K9me2 level. G9a-IN-4 triggers autophagy by inducing the production of ROS, thus leading to cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in CT26 colon cells. G9a-IN-4 can be used for the study of colon cancer.

G6PD-IN-2 is a Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM. G6PD-IN-2 exerts weak inhibitory activity on Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase (PfGluPho) with an IC50 value of 22.0 μM. G6PD-IN-2 inhibits growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and exhibits low cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. G6PD-IN-2 can be used for the research of malaria.

FXR agonist 17 is an orally active, steroidal FXR agonist with EC50 values of 42.2 nM (TR-FRET) and 176.4 nM (luciferase reporter assay), respectively. FXR agonist 17 activates TGR5 (EC50 = 2.6 μM) but does not activate hMRGPRX4. FXR agonist 17 exerts anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects, improves the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD) activity score and reduces the severity of liver fibrosis. FXR agonist 17 can be used for the research of NAFLD, cholestatic liver disease and liver fibrosis.

FXR agonist 16 is a FXR agonist with an EC50 of 2.2 μM. FXR agonist 16 activates FXR transcriptional activity, upregulates SHP and BSEP, and downregulates Cyp7a1. FXR agonist 16 exhibits hepatoprotective activity and reduces AST and ALT levels in free fatty acid-induced hepatocellular injury models. FXR agonist 16 can be used for the research of liver injury.

FXR agonist 15 is a selective, potent and orally active farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with EC50 of 0.76 μM. FXR agonist 15 exhibits no obvious activation on other nuclear receptors including LXRα/β, PXR, PPARα/β/γ, THR-β, with EC50 values all >10 μM. FXR agonist 15 can alleviate steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and liver fibrosis. FXR agonist 15 can be used for the research of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).