Clorgyline, also known as Clorgiline, M&B 9302 or MB9302, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) structurally related to pargyline which is described as an antidepressant. Specifically, it is an irreversible and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Clorgiline was never marketed, but it has found use in scientific research. In addition to its actions as an MAOI, clorgiline has been found to bind with high affinity to the σ1 receptor (Ki = 3.2 nM) and with very high affinity to the I2 imidazoline receptor (an allosteric site on the monoamine oxidase enzyme) (Ki = 40 pM).

Decylubiquinone is an analog of ubiquinone. Decylubiquinone increases mitochondrial function in synaptosomes. decylubiquinone inhibits the redox-activated mitochondrial permeability transition. It blocks reactive oxygen species production in response to glutathione depletion and inhibits activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Phlorizin, also referred to as phloridzin, is a glucoside of phloretin, a dihydrochalcone, a family of bicyclic flavonoids, which in turn is a subgroup in the diverse phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway in plants. Phlorizin is a competitive inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2 because it competes with D-glucose for binding to the carrier; this reduces renal glucose transport, lowering the amount of glucose in the blood. Phlorizin was studied as a potential pharmaceutical treatment for type 2 diabetes, but has since been superseded by more selective and more promising synthetic analogs, such as canagliflozin and dapagliflozin.

Castanospermine is an indolizidine alkaloid first isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum australe. It is a potent inhibitor of some glucosidase enzymes and has antiviral activity in vitro and in mouse models. Castanospermine was a lead to celgosivir.

Importazole is a small molecule inhibitor of the transport receptor importin-β. Importazole specifically inhibits the function of importin-β, likely by altering its interaction with RanGTP. Importazole is a valuable tool to evaluate the function of the importin-β/RanGTP pathway at specific stages during the cell cycle.

Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that acts at the reticular formation in the brain stem by blocking voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Tolperisone is indicated for use in the treatment of pathologically increased tone of the cross-striated muscle caused by neurological diseases (damage of the pyramidal tract, multiple sclerosis, myelopathy, encephalomyelitis) and of spastic paralysis and other encephalopathies manifested with muscular dystonia.

Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), also known BMOV is a Potent insulin mimetic. Bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) normalizes glucose and lipid values and restores food and fluid intake to control levels in diabetic rats without increasing insulin levels (0.37 mmol/kg). It attenuates hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Its mechanism of action includes inhibition of PTP1B as well as other tyrosine phosphatases. The drug is nontoxic in vitro at useful concentrations and displays no signs of toxicity in mice at high oral doses.

Amtolmetin guacil, also known ST-679 and MED-15, is a non-acidic prodrug of tolmetin, having similar NSAID properties like tolmetin with additional analgesic, antipyretic, and gastro protective properties. Amtolmetin is formed by amidation of tolmetin by glycine. Amtolmetin guacil stimulates capsaicin receptors present on gastro intestinal walls, because of presence of vanillic moiety and also releases NO which is gastro protective. It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX).

Pasireotide, also known as SOM230, is an orphan drug approved for the treatment of Cushing's disease in patients who fail or are ineligible for surgical therapy. It was developed by Novartis. Pasireotide is a somatostatin analog with a 40-fold increased affinity to somatostatin receptor 5 compared to other somatostatin analogs.

β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic heptamer composed of seven glucose units joined "head-to-tail" by alpha-1.4 links. It is produced by the action of the enzyme, cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGT)，on hydrolyzed starch syrups. Cyclodextrins are able to form host-guest complexes with hydrophobic molecules given the unique nature imparted by their structure. As a result, these molecules have found a number of applications in a wide range of fields. β-cyclodextrins are used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation, and are also the main ingredient in P&G's product Febreze which claims that the β-cyclodextrins "trap" odor causing compounds, thereby reducing the odor.

Thiram is a fungicide, ectoparasiticide, and animal repellent. It is used to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops. It is also used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer. It is effective against Stem gall of coriander, damping off, smut of millet, neck rot of onion, etc. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap.

Lincomycin, also known as U-10149, is a lincosamide antibiotic that comes from the actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis. A related compound, clindamycin, is derived from lincomycin by using thionyl chloride to replace the 7-hydroxy group with a chlorine atom with inversion of chirality. Although similar in structure, antibacterial spectrum, and mechanism of action to macrolides, lincomycin is also effective against other organisms including actinomycetes and some species of Mycoplasma and Plasmodium. However, because of its adverse effects and toxicity, it is rarely used today and reserved for patients allergic to penicillin or where bacteria have developed resistance.

Hematoporphyrin, also known as Photodyn, Sensibion, is an endogenous porphyrin formed by the acid hydrolysis of hemoglobin. Nencki and Zaleski determined its chemical structure in 1900. Hematoporphyrin has been used as an antidepressant and antipsychotic since the 1920s.

Phosphoethanolamine, also known as Phosphoethanolamine or calcium EAP, is a vital component in the structure of cell membranes in the human body. Ca-AEP has been shown to help maintain cell membrane integrity and improve cellular functions. Calcium 2-AEP is manufactured by numerous nutraceutical companies and is sold online and in health food stores.

PSNCBAM-1 is a CB1 receptor negative allosteric modulator (IC50 values are 45 and 209 nM) with hypophagic effects in vivo. PSNCBAM-1 allosteric antagonism may provide viable therapeutic alternatives to orthosteric CB(1) antagonists/inverse agonists in the treatment of CNS disease.

Tinoridine, also known as Y-3642, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Tinoridine, at concentrations from 5 microM up to 100 microM, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on the simultaneous increases in lipid peroxide formation and renin release induced by 50 microM ascorbic acid in the renin granule fraction. On the other hand, indomethacin, hydrocortisone and prednisolone, which had no ability to inhibit the lipid peroxidation in the renin granule fraction, did not influence the release of renin from the granules. These results suggest that tinoridine suppresses renin release by inhibiting the oxidative disintegration of membranes of renin granules.

Ocaperidone, also known as R 79598, is a highly potent and efficacious dopamine-D2 antagonist with concomitant, equivalent serotonin 5-HT2 antagonism. Ocaperidone inhibited dopamine agonist (apomorphine, amphetamine or cocaine)-induced behavioral effects at low doses (0.014-0.042 mg/kg). Ocaperidone completely blocked the dopamine agonist behavior at slightly higher doses (0.064 mg/kg). Ocaperidone is expected to exert pronounced haloperidol-like effects on the positive symptoms of schizophrenic patients but with risperidone-like low extrapyramidal side effect liability and improved patient compliance.

Sultamicillin, also known as CP-49952 and VD 1827, is an oral form of the antibiotic combination (codrug or mutual prodrug) ampicillin/sulbactam. It contains esterified ampicillin and sulbactam and is marketed under a number of trade names,Unasyn from Pfizer. After absorption, sultamicillin releases ampicillin and sulbactam into the system, so all the antibacterial efficacy of sultamicillin is due to ampicillin and sulbactam. Ampicillin exerts antibacterial activity against sensitive organisms by inhibiting biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide where as sulbactam irreversibly inhibits most important beta-lactamases that occur in resistant strains.

Sulmazole is a positive inotrope sulmazole inhibits the function of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins by affecting GTP turnover. Sulmazole effects on mechanical performance of hypoxic and reoxygenated isolated mammalian myocardium. Sulmazole (AR-L 115BS) activates the sheep cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel in the presence and absence of calcium.

Pyridoxine (also called pyridoxol, not to be confused with pyridoxal) is one form of vitamin B6. Its hydrochloride salt, pyridoxine hydrochloride, is used as a vitamin B6 dietary supplement.

Ispronicline, also known as AZD3480; TC 1734; TC-0173, and RJR 1734, is a alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective agonist with cognition-enhancing and neuroprotective properties. Ispronicline is potentially useful for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults.

Noscapine, also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from plants of the poppy family, without painkilling properties. This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. Noscapine's antitussive effects appear to be primarily mediated by its σ–receptor agonist activity. Evidence for this mechanism is suggested by experimental evidence in rats. Pretreatment with rimcazole, a σ-specific antagonist, causes a dose-dependent reduction in antitussive activity of noscapine. Noscapine, and its synthetic derivatives called noscapinoids, are known to interact with microtubules and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Noscapine HCl was discontinued.

Phthalocyanine is an intensely blue-green-coloured aromatic macrocyclic compound that is widely used in dyeing. Phthalocyanine can be used as an agent for Photodynamic Therapy and Imaging. Phthalocyanines form coordination complexes with most elements of the periodic table. These complexes are also intensely colored and also are used as dyes or pigments.

Bimosiamose, also known as TBC-1269, is a L/E/P-selectin antagonist potentially for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary. Bimosiamose attenuates airway inflammation in COPD. Bimosiamose, an inhaled small-molecule pan-selectin antagonist, attenuates late asthmatic reactions following allergen challenge in mild asthmatics.

Perzinfotel, also known as EAA-090; WAY-126090, is a NMDA receptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain. EAA-090 inhibited [(3)H]3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid binding to NMDA receptors with IC(50) value of 28 nM. IC(50) values for inhibition of current induced by 10 microM NMDA was 477nM.

Pazufloxacin Mesylate, also known as Pazucross and T-3762, is a quinolone antibacterial agent used for the intravenous therapy of several infections.

Aceclofenac, also known as Airtal and YT-919, is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Aceclofenac has improved gastrointestinal tolerance compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Altizide, also known as Aldactacine and P-1779, is a thiazide diuretic used to treat oedema and hypertension.

Amezinium Metilsulfate, also known as Regulton and LU-1631, is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor which exclusively affects postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Amezinium Metilsulfate is used to treat hypotension.

Aurothioglucose hydrate, also known as gold thioglucose and Solganal, is an inhibitor of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase used to treat active rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.