PSB 0777 ammonium is a potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor full agonist with Ki values of 44.4 nM, 360 nM for rat and human A2A receptors, respectively. PSB 0777 ammonium has Ki values of ≥10000 nM, 541 nM for rat and human A1 receptors, respectively. PSB 0777 ammonium shows poor brain penetrant and perorally non-absorbable effect. PSB 0777 ammonium has the potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) research research.

FSCPX is a potent and selective irreversible antagonist of A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR), with low nanomolar potency for binding to the A1AR. FSCPX could modifies the effect of NBTI, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, by reducing the interstitial adenosine level in the guinea pig atrium.

Xanthine amine congener dihydrochloride (XAC dihydrochloride) is a potent Adenosine A1 receptor and A2?receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1.8 and 114 nM, respectively. Xanthine amine congener acts as a convulsant agent in mice model.

DPCPX (PD 116948), a xanthine derivative, is a highly potent and selective Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, with a Ki of 0.46 nM in 3H-CHA binding to A1 receptors in rat whole brain membranes.

SCH442416 is a potent, selective and brain-penetrant antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), with Kis of 0.048 and 0.5 nM for human and rat A2AR respectively. SCH442416 displays more than 23000-fold selectivity over A1R, A2BR, and A3R (Ki=1111, 10000, and 10000 nM, respectively). SCH442416 can be used for imaging of adenosine A2A receptors in rat and primate brain.

MRS 1523 is a potent and selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist with Ki values of 18.9 nM and 113 nM for human and rat A3 receptors, respectively. In rat this corresponds to selectivities of 140- and 18-fold vs A1 and A2A receptors, respectively. MRS 1523 can exert antihyperalgesic effect through N-type Ca channel block and action potential inhibition in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

TP455 (TP-455) is a highly potent, selective A2A adenosine receptor inverse agonist with IC50 of 1.9 nM in cyclic AMP assays in hA2A CHO cells.

Tozadenant (SYN-115) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.

MRS1186 is a potent and selective human Adenosine A3 receptor (hA3AR) antagonist, with a Ki of 7.66 nM.