γ-Valerolactone is a prodrug form of γ-hydroxyvaleric acid.

6(5H)-Phenanthridinone is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. It decreases radiation-induced PARP activity and proliferation of RDM4 murine lymphoma cells. 6(5H)-Phenanthridinone reduces NF-κB-induced transcription of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat lymphocytes. In vivo, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone reduces spinal cord expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ and reduces disease score in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It also decreases serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and PARP levels.

Dihydrocaffeic acid is a polyphenol with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and enzyme inhibitory properties. Dihydrocaffeic acid scavenges ABTS and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and increases the survival of RGC-5 mouse retinal ganglion cells under hypoxic conditions and in the presence of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP). It also decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and decreases infarct size in a rat model of transient ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Migalastat is a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis.

(R)-Amlodipine is the R isomer of Amlodipine --- a medication used to lower blood pressure and prevent chest pain.

Gibbs reagent is a universal thin-layer chromatographic visualization reagent.

Triphenyltetrazolium bromide may be useful in the detection of experimental cerebral infarction and biochemical analysis.

Thioperamide is an HRH4 antagonist and selective HRH3 antagonist capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Thioperamide negatively regulates the release of histamine and enhances the activity of histaminergic neurons by blocking autoreceptors. Its action on H3 is thought to promote wakefulness and improve memory consolidation.

Lansoprazole sulfide is an impurity of Lansoprazole -- a gastric pump inhibitor.

IMS2186 is an anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic agent. IMS2186 blocks the cell cycle at G2 and inhibits the production of PGE2/TNF-α. IMS2186 inhibits cell growth in vitro in tumor cells, non-transformed fibroblasts, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. IMS2186 inhibits angiogenesis (IC50 = 0.1 μM) and cell migration. Intraocular injection of IMS2186 could be a long-lasting effective treatment for CNV (choroidal neovascularization) in AMD (age-related macular degeneration) with a reduction in scarring and related visual loss.

N2-Acetylaciclovir, also known as Aciclovir EP Impurity F, is an impurity of Aciclovir.

Methenamine is an anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH.

Ms-PEG8-Ms is a PEG Linker.

PEG5-bis(phosphonic acid diethyl ester) is a PEG Linker.

Propargyl-PEG3-phosphonic acid ethyl ester is a PEG Linker.

m-PEG5-succinimidyl carbonate is a PEG Linker.

Bis-Mal-PEG3 is a PEG derivative containing a two maleimide groups. The maleimide groups will react with a thiol group to form a covalent bond, enabling the connection of biomolecule with a thiol. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

Azido-PEG3-CH2CO2-NHS is a PEG Linker.

Ald-CH2-PEG3-azide is a crosslinker containing an azide group and an aldehyde group. The azide group enables PEGylation via Click Chemistry. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media. The aldehyde group reacts with amines and the N-terminal of peptides and proteins to form an imine containing a C=N double bond, which can be further reduced. PEG aldehyde or ketone derivatives can be used in reversible PEGylation through its reaction with hydrazine or hydrazide forming a hydrolytic acyl hydrozone linkage.

Sulfo-NHS is a chemical modification reagent for converting carboxyl groups to amine-reactive NHS esters for bioconjugation, crosslinking, labeling and immobilization methods.

diethyl 7-bromoheptylphosphonate is a PEG Linker.

m-PEG3-4-nitrophenyl carbonate is a PEG derivative.

m-PEG13-Ms is a PEG Linker

m-PEG4-CH2-aldehyde is a PEG derivative containing an aldehyde group. Aldehyde is reactive to hydrazide and aminooxy groups which are commonly used in biomolecular probes for labeling and crosslinking carbonyls (oxidized carbohydrates). The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

m-PEG6-azide is a PEG derivative containing an azide group. The azide group can react with alkyne, BCN, DBCO via Click Chemistry to yield a stable triazole linkage. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

m-PEG1-NHS ester is a PEG derivative containing an NHS ester. The NHS ester can be used to label the primary amines (-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

m-PEG9-CH2COOH is a PEG derivative containing a terminal carboxylic acid. The terminal carboxylic acid can be reacted with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or DCC) to form a stable amide bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

Tri(t-butoxycarbonylethoxymethyl) ethanol is a branched PEG derivative with a terminal hydroxy group and three t-butyl esters. The hydroxy group enables further derivatization or replacement with other reactive functional groups. The t-butyl protected carboxyl groups can be deprotected under mild acidic conditions.

Tr-PEG3 is a PEG derivative.

m-PEG3-(CH2)3-alcohol is a PEG derivative containing a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group enables further derivatization or replacement with other reactive functional groups. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.