Cyclosporin D, a metabolite of Cyclosporin A, is a weak immunosuppressant. Cyclosporin D is used as internal standard for quantification of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A is a potent immunosuppressant drug, suppress T cell activation by inhibiting calcineurin and the calcineurin-dependent transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAc).

Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents.

Glycyl-l-leucine is a dipeptide that can be a common substrate for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase.

Vanillyl butyl ether is a major contributor to the characteristic flavor and fragrance of vanilla. Vanillyl butyl ether is one of the eco-friendly and nontoxic substances. Vanillyl butyl ether has been proposed as a mild warming agent providing a warming sensation and enhancing the blood circulation.

N-Acetyl-L-methionine, a human metabolite, is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. L-methionine is an indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate, the active form of vitamin B6, is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the final stage in the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate is the most important coenzyme variant in the process of vitamin B6 intracellular phosphorylation and is interconvertible with other variants, including pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate (PMP).

Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid. Triethyl citrate can be used as a plasticizer for cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites.

2'-O-Methyladenosine, a methylated adenine residue is found in urine of normals as well as in urine of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients. 2'-O-Methyladenosine exhibits unique hypotensive activities .

2-Chloroadenosine, a stable adenosine analogue, protects against long term development of ischaemic cell loss in the rat hippocampus. 2-Chloroadenosine is an apparent competitive inhibitor of uridine influx (apparent Ki=33 μM) and high-affinity nitrobenzylthioinosine binding (apparent Ki=0.18 mM). 2-Chloroadenosine is a transported permeant for the nucleoside transporter in human erythrocytes.

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a cabbage extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin.

Methyl nonadecanoate may be used as an internal standard to determine fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of biodiesel.

CGGRGD TFA, a RGD derivative with cysteine as its N-terminal, CGGRGD TFA is synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis technique and the surface of PCL fibers is aminolysised by amino 2-cyanobenzothiazole followed by the addition of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT).

CGGRGD, a RGD derivative with cysteine as its N-terminal, CGGRGD is synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis technique and the surface of PCL fibers is aminolysised by amino 2-cyanobenzothiazole followed by the addition of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT).

AtPep3 TFA is a hormone-like peptide. AtPep3 TFA can enhance salinity tolerance of plants and inhibits the salt-induced bleaching of chlorophyll in seedlings.

AtPep3 is a hormone-like peptide. AtPep3 can enhance salinity tolerance of plants and inhibits the salt-induced bleaching of chlorophyll in seedlings.

TAT-amide TFA is a cell penetrating peptide. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acid sequences able to enter different cells.

TAT-amide is a cell penetrating peptide. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acid sequences able to enter different cells.

KISS1-305, the Metastin/Kisspeptin analog, is a prototype peptide and a chemical probe. KISS1-305 has suboptimal KISS1R agonistic activity, and resists plasma protease degradation.

CCP peptide TFA is a synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and used as the substrate for detecting anti-CCP antibodies serologically. CCP peptide TFA functions as a target for autoantibodies with a very high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

CCP peptide is a synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and used as the substrate for detecting anti-CCP antibodies serologically. CCP peptide functions as a target for autoantibodies with a very high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions. GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA dose-dependently promotes insulin secretion over the range 10-9-10-6 M.

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions. GIP (1-30) amide (Human) dose-dependently promotes insulin secretion over the range 10-9-10-6 M.

SEB Domain 144-153 TFA is Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B domain amino acid residue 144-153. SEB Domain 144-153 inhibits transcytosis of multiple staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA, SEE, and TSST-1. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Caerulein, desulfated TFA is the desulfurated form of Caerulein. Caerulein is a decapeptide having the same five carboxyl-terminal amino acids as gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK).

β-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine (TFA) is a peptide of bovine β-Casomorphin.

HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7-derived peptide. HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is immunogenic in cervical carcinomas.

BNP-45 (rat) TFA is a circulating form of rat brain natriuretic peptide isolated from rat heart with potent hypotensive and natriuretic potency.

Fibrinopeptide A, human TFA is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A, human locates at the NH2-termini of the Aα chain.

Secretin, porcine TFA (Porcine secretin TFA) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid.

Secretin (28-54), human TFA is a 27-amino acid residue C-terminally amidated peptide, which acts on human secretin receptors.