Kushenol B is an isoprenoid flavonoid isolated from S. flavescens, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Kushenol B has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), with an IC50 of 31 μM.

Lehmannine is a quinolizidine bioalkaloid isolated from S. alopecuroides L, has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

Icariside F2 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 16.25 μM. Icariside F2 is an aromatic glycoside isolated from the leaves of E. ulmoides Oliver. Icariside F2 has anti-inflammatory activity.

Stearyl gallate is an alkyl gallate with a long alkyl chain (carbon number of 18). Stearyl gallate has an antioxidant activity, and a weak antiviral activity against HSV-1.

Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and plays a role as an endogenous metabolite of human, E. coli or mouse. Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of?uridine monophosphate (UMP). Orotidine 5′-monophosphate can be used for the study of mechanism of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase.

Pennogenin is a bioactive component which can be isolated from T. govanianum rhizomes. Pennogenin exhibits significant in vitro inhibitory effect on release of ROS.

Rubropunctatin, an orange azaphilone pigment, is isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctatin has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antioxidative effects, and also exhibits anti-tumor activity.

Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium is a competitive P2Y1 antagonist. Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium exhibits non-selective antagonism at recombinant and human platelet P2X1 receptors.

Sandacanol is a specific agonist of olfactory receptor (OR10H1). Sandacanol induces cell cycle arrest and some apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.

Debenzoylpaeoniflorgenin is a natural compound from Paeonial lactiflora in Guizhitang.

N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide is a macamide isolated from Maca (Lepidium meyenii?Walp.) N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide induces mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation and consequent bone formation through activating the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide can be used for the research of osteoporosis.

L-Triguluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide?copolymer composed of three L-guluronic acid (G) and can be used to from Alginate. Alginate is a generic name of unbranched polyanionic polysaccharides and can be used for the research of anti-fungal agents delivery carries.

L-Diguluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide?copolymer composed of two L-guluronic acid (G) and can be used to from Alginate. Alginate is a generic name of unbranched polyanionic polysaccharides and can be used for the research of antifungal agents delivery carries.

D-Trimannuronic acid, an alginate oligomer is extracted from seaweed. D-Trimannuronic acid can induce TNF‐α secretion by mouse macrophage cell lines. D-Trimannuronic acid can be used for the research of pain and vascular dementia.

Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and cardioprotective activities. Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride significantly enhances the growth and photosynthesis parameters of wheat seedlings.

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with anti-inflammatory effect. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride binds to the active sites of TLR4 and inhibits LPS induced inflammation.

Physalin F is a secosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Physalin F induces apoptosis of PBMC, decreasing the spontaneous proliferation and cytokine production caused by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection.

Physalin B, one of the major active steroidal constituents of Cape gooseberry, induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells through modulating p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Physalin B inhibits the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and induces incomplete autophagic response in human colon cancer cells in vitro.

Isotoosendanin is a limonoid isolated from Melia toosendan fruit. Isotoosendanin displays significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Regaloside B is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Lilium longiflorum. Regaloside B can inhibit the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Regaloside B has anti-inflammatory activity.

Caulophyllogenin is a triterpene saponin extracted from M. polimorpha. Caulophyllogenin is a partial PPARγ agonist, with an EC50?of?12.6?μM. Caulophyllogenin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Paeoniflorgenin is a deglucosylated metabolite of Paeoniflorin.

Podophyllol, a derivative of podophyllotoxin esters, has antitumor activity.

Picropodophyllone, an aryltetralin lignan, is isolated from leaves of Podophyllum hexandrum, and has antifungal activities.

Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone isolated from extracts of Potentilla astracanica. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 56.05 μg/mL. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes.

Isookanin, isolated from the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans, can be used for the research of various illnesses including cancers, skin rashes, snake and insects bites, diabetes mellitus, diarrhoea. Isookanin acts as an anti-viral agent against HSV and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Antioxidant activity.

Marein has the neuroprotective effect due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway. Marein improves insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 100 μM. Marein has beneficial antioxidative, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic effects.

Angoline hydrochloride is a potent and selective IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.56 μM. Angoline hydrochloride inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and its target gene expression, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation.

Angoline is a potent and selective IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.56 μM. Angoline inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and its target gene expression, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation.

Isoeuphorbetin, a dimeric coumarin isolated from Viola philippica, is a potent HCV protease inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.63 μg/mL.