Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a medication used to treat a number of mental illnesses. This including major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder, and less commonly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Other uses include prevention of migraines, treatment of neuropathic pain such as fibromyalgia and postherpetic neuralgia, and less commonly insomnia. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include a dry mouth, trouble seeing, low blood pressure on standing, sleepiness, and constipation.

Amiodarone is categorized as a class III antiarrhythmic agent, and prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential, the repolarization phase where there is normally decreased calcium permeability and increased potassium permeability. It has numerous other effects however, including actions that are similar to those of antiarrhythmic classes Ia, II, and IV. Amiodarone shows beta blocker-like and calcium channel blocker-like actions on the SA and AV nodes, increases the refractory period via sodium- and potassium-channel effects, and slows intra-cardiac conduction of the cardiac action potential, via sodium-channel effects.Amiodarone chemically resembles thyroxine (thyroid hormone), and its binding to the nuclear thyroid receptor might contribute to some of its pharmacologic and toxic actions.

Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam. Neither drug is available in the United States.

Amcinonide (trade name Cyclocort) is a topical glucocorticoid used to treat itching, redness and swelling associated with several dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Amcinonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist that mimics the metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activity of the natural glucocorticoids. Amcinonide interacts with specific corticosteroid receptors and was internalized, which leads to binding of DNA and modification of gene expression. This results in synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators while inhibiting synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions are achieved. Amcinonide can also be classified as a multi-functional small molecule corticosteroid, which has been approved by the FDA and is currently marketed as an ointment, lotion, or cream. It acts as both a transcription factor for responses to glucocorticoids and modulator for other transcription factors while also regulating phospholipase A2 activity.

Amantadine is a drug that has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use both as an antiviral and an anti-parkinsonian drug. Amantadine is a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake. Amantadine probably does not inhibit MAO enzyme. Moreover, the mechanism of its antiparkinsonian effect is poorly understood.[citation needed] The drug has many effects in the brain, including release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve endings. It appears to be a weak NMDA receptor antagonist as well as an anticholinergic, specifically a nicotinic alpha-7 antagonist like the similar pharmaceutical memantine.

Almitrine Dimesylate (marketed as Duxil by Servier) is a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative classified as a respiratory stimulant by the ATC. It enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

Alfuzosin HCl is a pharmaceutical drug of the alpha-1 blocker class. As an antagonist of the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate. It is thus used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Alfuzosin is marketed in the United States by Sanofi Aventis under the brand name Uroxatral and elsewhere under the tradename Xat or Xatral, and in Egypt under name of Prostetrol. Alfuzosin was approved by the FDA for treatment of BPH in June 2003.

Alclometasone is synthetic glucocorticoid steroid for topical use in dermatology as anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antiallergic, antiproliferative and vasoconstrictive agent. The prodrug alclometasone dipropionate is marketed as Aclovate by GlaxoSmithKline.

Adinazolam (brand name: Deracyn) is a benzodiazepine derivative, more specifically, a triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD). It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant properties. Adinazolam was developed by Dr. Jackson B. Hester, who was seeking to enhance the antidepressant properties of alprazolam, which he also developed. Adinazolam was never FDA approved and was never available to the public.

Acyclovir monophosphate is the monophosphate ester of Acyclovir. Acyclovir is an antiviral agent with activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus. Acyclovir is converted by a herpesvirus enzyme into acyclovir triphosphate that inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules in the virally infected cells, thereby inhibiting viral replication. It induces apoptosis in cells transfected with HSV-TK (suicidal gene therapy).

Acetohexamide is a sulfonylurea derivative. Acetohexamide is a hyopglycemic agent with moderate uricosuric activity. Acetohexamide is a first generation medication used in the treatment of diabetes metilus type 2.

Acenocoumarol is a coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of Warfarin. As a vitamin K antagonist, acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, thereby inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K and the availability of vitamin KH2. This prevents gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues near the N-terminals of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factor II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S. This prevents their activity, preventing thrombin formation.

Ebastine, is a H1 antihistamine with low potential for causing drowsiness. It does not penetrate the blood–brain barrier to a significant amount and thus combines an effective block of the H1 receptor in peripheral tissue with a low incidence of central side effects, i.e. seldom causing sedation or drowsiness. After oral administration, ebastine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 into its active carboxylic acid metabolite, carebastine. This conversion is practically complete. Ebastine is a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist that is indicated mainly for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Mitoquinone mesylate, also known as MitoQ or MitoQ10; is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage. MitoQ comprises a positively charged lipophilic cation that drives its extensive accumulation within the negatively charged mitochondria inside cells. The active antioxidant component of MitoQ is ubiquinone, which is identical to the active antioxidant in Coenzyme Q10. It is this approximately thousand-fold greater concentration of MitoQ within mitochondria that makes it more effective at preventing mitochondrial oxidative damage when compared to untargeted antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10. NOTE: For the convenience of use, this product is supplied as 200mg /mL solution in ethanol-water (1:1, v/v) solution since pure MitoQ10 is a tar-like or waxy semi-solid and very hard to transfer between containers.

Bucillamine is an antirheumatic agent developed from tiopronin. It is mainly used in Japan and Korea. Activity is mediated by the two thiol groups that the molecule contains. Research done in USA showed positive transplant preservation properties.

Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It is sold in the United Kingdom by Shire under the trade name Calcort. in Brazil as Cortax, Decortil, and Deflanil, and in Honduras as Flezacor. It is not available in the United States. Deflazacort is a prodrug. Its potency is around 70?–90% that of prednisone.

Cyproterone acetate is an antiandrogen, i.e. it suppresses the actions of testosterone (and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone) on tissues. It acts by blocking androgen receptors which prevents androgens from binding to them and suppresses luteinizing hormone (which in turn reduces testosterone levels). Its main indications are prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, priapism, hypersexuality and other conditions in which androgen action maintains the disease process. Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a common component in hormone therapy for male-to-female transsexual people.

Betamethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, lotion or gel (Diprolene) to treat itching and other minor skin conditions such as eczema. Brand names include Alphatrex, Beta-Val, Diprolene, Diprolene AF, Diprosone, and Luxiq. Minor side-effects include dry skin and mild temporary stinging when applied.

Bethanechol chloride, a cholinergic agent, is a synthetic esler which is structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. It is designated chemically as Z-[(aminocarbony) oxy]-N, N, (V-trimethyl-1-propanaminium chloride. Its molecular formula is C7H17CIN202. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder having a slight amine-like odor, freely soluble in water, and has a molecular weight of 196.68. Each tablet for oral administration contains 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg or 50 mg bethanechol chloride, USP Tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, (25 mg and 50 mg) D&C~ Yellow # 10 Lake and FD&C Yellow # 6 Lake.

Pergolide (Permax, Pergotoliderived) is an ergoline-based dopamine receptor agonist used in some countries for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. Pergolide has some of the same effects as dopamine in the body. In 2007, pergolide was withdrawn from the U.S. market after several published studies revealed a link between the drug and increased rates of valvular dysfunction. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergolide )

Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body. In pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), estriol reduces the disease's symptoms noticeably, according to researchers at UCLA's Geffen Medical School. Estriol can be a weak or strong estrogen depending on if it is given acutely or chronically when given to immature animals, but is an antagonist when given in combination with estradiol. Estriol may play a role in the development of breast cancer, but based on in vitro research does appear to act as an antagonist to the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor. Though estriol is used as part of the primarily North American phenomenon of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, it is not approved for use by the FDA or Health Canada. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol).

Ganciclovir (INN) is an antiviral medication used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2′-deoxy-guanosine. It is first phosphorylated to ganciclovir monophosphate by a viral kinase encoded by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene UL97 during infection. Subsequently, cellular kinases catalyze the formation of ganciclovir diphosphate and ganciclovir triphosphate, which is present in 10-fold greater concentrations in CMV or herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells than uninfected cells. A prodrug form with improved oral bioavailability (valganciclovir) has also been developed.

Flumetasone, also known as RS 2177, is a corticosteroid for topical use. It is available in combination with clioquinol, under the trade name Locacorten-Vioform (in some countries Locorten-Vioform), for the treatment of otitis externa and otomycosis.

Fluorogestone Acetate (also known as Flurogestone Acetate, Flugestone Acetate, Fluorogesterone Acetate) was first synthesised by G. D. Searle and Company in 1959. The chemical, which has progestogen activity, was identified as SC-9880. Fluorogestone acetate showed a high potency with short duration of activity and performed physiologically similar to progesterone. FGA was approximately 20 ?– 25 times more potent than progesterone. Flurogestone acetate was shown to be readily absorbed from impregnated sponges. A 30mg impregnated sponge was effective in blocking ovulation and oestrus, once the sponge was removed impregnated ewes showed visible oestrus, and if inseminated 2 to 4 days after sponge removal showed high conception rates. (Source: http://pharmplex.com.au/Technical/fluorogestone_acetate_sheep_goat.htm).

Peramivir, also known as BCX1812 and RWJ 270201, is an antiviral drug for the treatment of influenza. Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, acting as a transition-state analogue inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase and thereby preventing new viruses from emerging from infected cells. Peramivir was approved to treat influenza infection in adults. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peramivir).

Levomilnacipran (brand name Fetzima) is an antidepressant approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder in the United States. It was developed by Forest Laboratories and Pierre Fabre Group, and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2013. Levomilnacipran is the levo- enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects and pharmacology, acting as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomilnacipran)

Simeprevir, also known as TMC43, is a drug for the treatment and cure of hepatitis C. In the United States, simeprevir is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with peginterferon-alfa and ribavirin for hepatitis C and hepatitis B. Simeprevir has been approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection, genotype 1.

Icatibant is a peptidomimetic drug consisting of ten amino acids, which is a selective and specific antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptors. It has been approved by the European Commission for the symptomatic treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adults with C1-esterase-inhibitor deficiency.

Estradiol valerate is a synthetic ester, specifically the 17-pentanoyl ester, of the natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol. It was introduced in the 1950s, and along with estradiol benzoate and estradiol cypionate, has since become one of the most widely used esters of estradiol. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_valerate).

Gabapentin enacarbil is a prodrug for the anticonvulsant and analgesic drug gabapentin. It was designed for increased oral bioavailability over gabapentin, and human trials showed it to produce extended release of gabapentin with almost twice the overall bioavailability, especially when taken with a fatty meal. Gabapentin enacarbil has passed human clinical trials for the treatment of restless legs syndrome, and initial results have shown it to be well tolerated and reasonably effective. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil).