Chrysamine G, a carboxylic acid analogue of Congo Red, can be used as a probe of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Chrysamine G also can inhibit Aβ-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.

Dioctanoylglycol (Ethylene glycol dicaprylate), a diacylglycerol analog, is a diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) inhibitor (Ki of 58 μM).

Tilomisole (Wy 18251) is a benzimidazothiazole experimental drug with anti-inflammatory activity. Tilomisole causes less agranulocytosis than levamisole, but retains immunomodulating capabilities. Tilomisole is orally active. Tilomisole has the potential for the research of cancer and inflammation.

DCVJ (9-(2,2-Dicyanovinyl)julolidine), a molecular rotor and unique fluorescent dye, binds to tubulin and actin, and increases its fluorescence intensity drastically upon polymerization. DCVJ also binds to phospholipid bilayers and increases its fluorescence intensity. DCVJ can detect the kinetic process of degranulation of mast cells.

BMS-566419 is an acridone-based inhibitors of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides. BMS-566419 has clinical utility for the research of transplant rejection.

Salacetamide (N-Acetylsalicylamide) is the stable isomer of O-Acetylsalicylamide, is a product for proteomics research.

Buramate exhibits neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities.

KDdiA-PC is a kind of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and is a ligand for the macrophage scavenger receptor CD36.

NFAT Inhibitor-2 is a potent inhibitor of calcineurin NFAT signalling. Calcineurin is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. NFAT Inhibitor-2 has the potential for the research of inflammatory disease, an autoimmune disorder, a cardiovascular disease, a neurodegenerative disease, a disease occurring with uncontrolled cell proliferation and/or differentiation, an angiogenesis-related disease, an allergy, anaphylaxis and alopecia (extracted from patent WO2016207212A1, compound 17).

Isaxonine acts as a modifier of the surface pH of the bilayer. Isaxonine accelerates the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulate axonal sprouting and promote motor and sensory function recovery. Isaxonine is a neurotrophic agent.

BMPO (BocMPO) is a cyclic nitrone spin trap. BMPO offers several advantages over the existing spin traps in the detection and characterization of thiyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions in biological systems.

APF is a fluorescence probe that can selectively, and dose dependently detect certain species among ROS and that are highly resistant to autoxidation. APF can be used in enzymatic and cellular systems.

2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid (NTCB) is a highly reactive reagent that transfers its cyano group rapidly to a nucleophilic thiolate. 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid has been proposed as a reagent for converting thiol groups in proteins into their S-cyano derivatives.

Tidiacic is a hepatoprotective agent that acts as an antioxidant and a sulfur donor.

SC-435 is an apical sodium-dependent Bile acid (BA) transporter inhibitor. SC-435 can alter hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lower plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations.

3CPLro-IN-2 (compound C1) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with an IC50 and Ki of 1.55 and 6.09 μM, respectively. 3-Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) is an indispensable protein in viral replication and represents an attractive drug target for fighting COVID-19.

ABAI-30 is a potent and orally active anti-inflammatory agent. ABAI-30 effectively inhibits NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells.

Chalcones A-N-5 is a trihydroxy chalcone derivative compound. Chalcones A-N-5 doesn’t show cytotoxicity at the concentration lower than 100 µM (with IC50 > 1 mM), but has a significant effect on promoting cell proliferation. Chalcones A-N-5 potentially promotes neuronal cell growth in the damaged brain tissue. Chalcones A-N-5 also inhibits ferroptosis induced by RSL or erastin and reduces the lipid peroxidation levels induced by Aβ1-42 protein aggregation. Chalcones A-N-5 is a promising molecular skeleton candidate for further development of lead compound for in vivo test to research AD.

SSTR4 agonist 4 is a potent agonist of SSTR4. SSTR4 is expressed at relatively high levels in the hippocampus and neocortex, memory and learning regions, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. SSTR4 agonists are potent in rodent models of pain associated with acute and chronic associated anti-peripheral nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. SSTR4 agonist 4 has the potential for the research of pain (extracted from patent WO2021233428A1, compound 14).

SSTR4 agonist 3 is a potent agonist of SSTR4. SSTR4 is expressed at relatively high levels in the hippocampus and neocortex, memory and learning regions, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. SSTR4 agonists are potent in rodent models of pain associated with acute and chronic associated anti-peripheral nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. SSTR4 agonist 3 has the potential for the research of pain (extracted from patent WO2021233427A1, compound 14).

SGC agonist 2 is a potent agonist of soluble guanylate cyclase (SGC). Soluble guanylate cyclase is a key signal transduction enzyme in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway. SGC agonist 2 has the potential for the research of cardiovascular disease (heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction) and fibrotic diseases (renal fibrosis, systemic sclerosis) (extracted from patent WO2021219088A1, compound 031).

5-heptyl-DNJ is a potent GAA agonist with a Ki of 0.0047 μM. 5-C-heptyl-DNJ increases GAA activities by chaperrone effects.

RECQL5-IN-1 (Compound 4a) acts as an orally effective RECQL5 inhibitor (targeting both enzymatic and nonenzymatic domain). RECQL5-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of RECQL5 helicase activity (IC50=46.3 nM). RECQL5-IN-1 inhibits RECQL5-WT cells and RECQL5-KO2 cells with IC50s of 4.8 μM and 19.6 μM, respectively. RECQL5-IN-1 can be used for the research of breast cancer.

CSF1R-IN-6 is a potent inhibitor of CSF1R. CSF-1R is expressed in macrophages, and the survival and differentiation of macrophages depends on the CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling pathway. CSF1R-IN-6 affects the exchange of inflammatory factors between TAMs and glioma cells. CSF1R-IN-6 has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2021197276A1, compound 5).

Antimalarial agent 8 (Compound 7e) is a novel orally active class of antimalarials. Antimalarial agent 8 is potent in vitro against P. falciparum and is orally efficacious (40 mg/kg) in an in vivo mouse model of malaria.

ADAMTS-5-IN-3 (Example 37-2) is a potent inhibitor of ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4 with IC50s of 8 and 12 nM, respectively. ADAMTS-5-IN-3 can be used for the research of diseases involving degradation of cartilage or disruption of cartilage homeostasis, in particular osteoarthrosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis.

GRK6-IN-2 (compound 10a) is a potent inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) with an IC50 of 120 nM. GRK6 is a critical kinase required for the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. GRK6-IN-2 has the potential for the research of multiple myeloma.

THR-β agonist 4 is a potent agonist of THR-β. THR-β agonist 4 has the potential for the research of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and other conditions such as steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis and other related conditions and diseases (extracted from patent WO2021143706A1, compound 72).

THR-β agonist 3 is a potent agonist of THR-β. THR-β agonist 3 has the potential for the research of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and other conditions such as steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis and other related conditions and diseases (extracted from patent WO2021129827A1, compound 6).

THRβ Agonist 1 is a potent and selective agonist of THRβ. Thyroid hormone receptor mediates the physiological activity of thyroid hormones which plays a key role in normal growth and development of the body and in maintaining metabolic balance. THRβ Agonist 1 has the potential for the research of thyroid hormone receptor-related diseases (extracted from patent WO2021104288A1, compound 2).