CSi12N3 is a bioorthogonally activatable ionizable lipid containing two cleavable silyl-ether-linked C12 tails and a dual-amine headgroup. Formulated as SiLNPs, it remains relatively silent before activation but undergoes Phe-BF3-triggered desilylation, nanoparticle destabilization, and accelerated cytosolic mRNA release. The reported formulation produced up to 44-fold higher mRNA expression than SM-102 LNPs in vitro, with an approximately 10-fold activation-to-silent ratio. In a B16-F10 melanoma model, CSi12N3-based SiLNPs delivering GDNT mRNA induced tumor-localized pyroptosis and inhibited tumor growth without detectable systemic toxicity in the reported study. CSi12N3 is therefore a promising preclinical research lipid for externally controlled, tumor-selective mRNA delivery.

LDN193189 (DM-3189) hydrochloride is a potent selective BMP type I receptor (BMP I) inhibitor. LDN193189 efficiently inhibits transcriptional activity of the BMP type I receptors ALK2 and ALK3 with IC50 values of 5 nM and 30 nM, respectively. LDN193189 can be used for the research of bone morphogenetic protein signalling, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

C6O2B2 is a cholesterol-conjugated cationic/ionizable lipid developed for ligand-free mRNA delivery to brain endothelial cells following intravenous administration. Its architecture combines a piperazine-containing polyamine core, four degradable ester-linked hydrophobic tails, and a covalently attached cholesterol moiety through a flexible five-carbon spacer. Among 51 newly synthesized cholesterol-based lipids, C6O2B2 produced the strongest brain luciferase expression. An optimized LNP formulation containing C6O2B2, DODAP, DSPC, and DMG-PEG enabled efficient functional mRNA expression throughout the cerebral vascular network, with preferential transfection of CD31-positive brain endothelial cells and minimal detectable neuronal or glial expression. The formulation preserved BBB integrity in Evans blue and contrast-enhanced MRI assessments. Mechanistic studies associated its activity with improved membrane fusion, enhanced endosomal escape, and ApoA-I enrichment in the protein corona. Delivery of IL-10 mRNA also reduced vascular leakage and inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation. C6O2B2 remains a preclinical research lipid requiring further pharmacokinetic and repeat-dose evaluation.

CY7 is an ionizable lipid engineered for localized pulmonary mRNA delivery. Its structure combines a cyclohexane-based core, a 4-dimethylaminopiperidine ionizable headgroup, two ester linkers, and four extended hydrophobic branches. In LNPs formulated with cholesterol, DSPC, and DMG-PEG, CY7 produced substantially higher local luciferase expression and lung-to-liver selectivity than SM-102 following intratracheal administration. CY7 LNPs also enhanced functional mRNA expression in pulmonary neutrophils, endothelial and epithelial cells, as well as dendritic and B cells in lung-draining lymph nodes. When used to deliver PcrV and OprF-I mRNAs, pulmonary CY7 LNP vaccination generated rapid antigen-independent innate protection followed by durable antigen-specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity. In mouse models, it reduced bacterial burden and improved survival following challenge with laboratory and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CY7 remains a preclinical research lipid requiring further pharmacokinetic, repeat-dose, and translational safety evaluation.

VLX600 is a cell-permeable anticancer agent. It acts by reducing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells.

Glimepiride impurity 1 is an impurity of Glimepiride (HY-B0104).

MEDICA16 is a GPR40 agonist. MEDICA 16 is a β,β'-dimethyl hexadecanedioic acid which exhibits hypolipidemic and antidiabetogenic effects in the rat.

ZK164015 is an estrogen-glucocorticoid receptor chimera that can be used as a compound screening tool to evaluate tissue-selective estrogen activity. ZK164015 was used to evaluate its effects on ER function in osteoblasts in studies based on green fluorescent protein (GFP)-receptor chimeras. In osteoblast-like (ROS and U2OS) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells, ZK164015 showed different effects in response to ER agonists, including modulation of ERE-luc activity and effects on nuclear mobility.

CNX-774 is a potent, selective, and orally available small molecule inhibitor of Btk (IC50< 1 nM) that forms a ligand-directed covalent bond with Cys-481, a non-conserved amino acid within the active site of the enzyme.

Dorsomorphin(Compound C; BML-275) has been shown to act as a potent and selective inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase; Ki = 109 nM), induced by AICAR and metformin; also inhibits the bone morphogenetic protein type 1 receptors ACTR-I (ALK2), B

LDN193189 is a selective BMP signaling inhibitor, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the BMP type I receptors ALK2 and ALK3 with IC50 of 5 nM and 30 nM, respectively.

MK-2206 2HCl is a highly selective inhibitor of Akt1/2/3 with IC50 of 8 nM/12 nM/65 nM, respectively; no inhibitory activities against 250 other protein kinases observed. Phase 2.

Altiratinib is a MET/TIE2/VEGFR2/TRK (A,B,C) kinase inhibitor in Phase 1 clinical development for the treatment of invasive solid tumors including glioblastoma.

HM-61713 (BI-1482694) is an orally available small molecule, mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with potential antineoplastic activity.

ARQ 092 is an oral activie, potent and selective AKT inhibitor with IC50 values: 5.0 nM (AKT1); 4.5 nM (AKT2); 16 nM (AKT3).

miR-21 inhibitor 12 (miR-21-IN-12) is a small molecule inhibitor of microRNA-21 expression and inhibit miR-21 transcription.miR-21-IN-12 inhibited transcription of the miR-21 gene resulting in significant reductions in primary and mature miR-21 levels.miR-21-IN-12 demonstrated cytotoxicity in a cervical cancer cell line via induction of apoptosis and was capable of reducing microtumor formation in a long-term clonogenic assay.miR-21-IN-12 shows some level of selectivity for miR-21 and is not a general miRNA pathway inhibitor.

PSB-CB-27 is a potent, selective antagonist of GPR18 with IC50 of 650 nM, shows no inhibition on GPR55 and low affinity for CB1/CB2 receptors.

JR1-157 is a potent selective sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) ligand with Ki value of 47 nM, >10-fold selectivity over σ1R.