StA-IFN-1 is an inhibitor for type I interferon (IFN), that inhibits the activation of IFNβ with an IC50 of 4.1 μM.

ST-539 is the inhibitor for deubiquitinase USP30 with IC50 of 0.37 μM. ST-539 promotes the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, and induces mitochondrial autophagy, thereby regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. ST-539 can be used in research of neurodegenerative diseases.

SSB-2548 is a CXCR-4 inhibitor. SSB-2548 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells. SSB-2548 has good gastrointestinal absorption and can be used in the research of leukemia.

Spirovirimat (Compound 7) is a potent Monkeypox virus (MPXV) p37 protein inhibitor with an IC50 value of 35 nM. Spirovirimat blocks the formation of extracellular virions by inhibiting viral membrane wrapping. Spirovirimat is promising for research of Monkeypox virus infections.

Spinosyn A 17-pseudoaglycone is a pseudoaglycone form of the macrocyclic lactone insecticide Spinosyn A.

Spinetoram L (XDE-175-L) is a minor component of Spinetoram. Spinetoram is a kind of green and efficient insecticide with a broad range of action against various insects.

SPA0355 is a thiourea derivative that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SPA0355 inhibits the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) induced osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. SPA0355 also suppresses the activation of the MAPKs, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Additionally, SPA0355 promotes osteoblast differentiation, increases alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances mineral nodule formation. SPA0355 can protect ovariectomized mice from bone loss by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast resorption, making it useful for studying postmenopausal osteoporosis.

SP3N hydrochloride is a specific degrader of the prolyl isomerase (FKBP12). The alkylamine of SP3N hydrochloride is metabolized to a reactive aldehyde (SP3CHO), which recruits the SCFFBXO22 ligase for FKBP12 degradation. SP3N hydrochloride may be used in research for cancer.

SOBRAC is an irreversible inhibitor of acid ceramidase (Ceramidase) with a Ki of 29.7 nM, and it's also a derivative of the acid ceramidase inhibitor SABRAC. Tolvaptan (OPC-4106

SNT-8370 is an orally active inhibitor of VAP-1 (IC50: 10 nM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (IC50: 17 nM), with >100-1000 fold more potency for VAP-1 and MPO versus other mammalian (per)oxidases. SNT-8370 inhibits MPO-mediated LDL lipid peroxidation. SNT-8370 inhibits leukocyte infiltration in lung injury models of acute inflammation. SNT-8370 is an anti-inflammatory agent, and can be used for research of inflammatory disorders.

S-N6-Methyladenosylhomocysteine (Chart 1-1) is a potent inhibitor of histone methyltransferase DOT1L, with the IC50 of 0.29 μM. S-N6-Methyladenosylhomocysteine plays an important role in cancer research.

SMU-1k is a highly effective and broad-spectrum antiviral agent. SMU-1k inhibits ZIKV and DENV-2 with EC50s of 7.08 and 3.96 μM, respectively. SMU-1k significantly inhibits NS5 protein expression and restores the level of STAT2.

SMI-1074 is a PROTAC target protein ligand (Ligand for Target Protein for PROTAC). SMI-1074 can be used for synthesis SMD-3236 and SMD-1087.

SM875 is a cellular prion protein (PrP) degrader (IC50: 7.87 μM). SM875 targets PrP folding intermediates and promotes its degradation through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. SM875 only acts on nascent, immature PrP molecules and has no effect on mature PrP before synthesis. SM875 can inhibit prion replication and has potential in the study of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., prion diseases).

SLW131 (Compound 10) is the antagonist for CCR7 with a good affinity of Ki of 9.85 nM. SLW131 inhibits CCL19-induced Go protein activation with an IC50 of 29.4 μM, inhibits β-arrestin2 recruitment with an IC50 of 6.0 μM. SLW131 inhibits CCL19-induced cell morphological changes in primary BMDCs, and CCR7-mediated migration in mouse CD4+ T cell.

SL-176, a WIP1 inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis when combined with GSK-J4. GSK-364735 sodium is an antiretroviral, that inhibits the integrase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-

SJPYT-310 is a selective PXR antagonist. SJPYT-310 shows no significant cytotoxicity.

Setomagpran is the antagonist for mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR), and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

SCH-900875 is an orally active, brain-penetrant and selective CXCR3 receptor inhibitor, which also shows high selectivity over CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. SCH-900875 binds to CXCR3, blocking the binding of ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, inhibiting downstream G protein and β-arrestin signaling pathways to suppress inflammatory cell migration. SCH-900875 is promising for research of autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis) and inflammatory disorders (psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease).

Sarubicin A (U-58431) is an antibiotic that inhibits Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and has antitumor activity.

Saframycin S is an antibiotic with a racemomycin group that exhibits inhibitory activity against Ehrlich ascites tumors. The LD50 of Saframycin S in ddY mice is 3.2 mg/kg (i.p.).

S3226 is an inhibitor for Na+/H+ exchange subtype 3 (NHE3) with an IC50 of 0.2 µmol/L in rat NHE3 transfected fibroblasts. S3226 exhibits protective activity in rat ischemia-induced acute renal failure models.

S118 is an orally active sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2 receptor) inhibitor. S118 prevents the binding of the S1P2 receptor to dapper1 (Dpr1), reduces the accumulation of β-catenin and blocks the nuclear translocation of the S1P2 receptor, thereby inhibiting inflammation, fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exerting anti-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) activity. S118 is promising for research of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

RuDiOBn scanvages DPPH and ABTS free radicals (13.2% and 5.9% clearance at 100 μg/mL), exhibits low antioxidant activity. RuDiOBn inhibits the collagen glycation, reduces the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with an IC50 of 2.45 μg/mL. RuDiOBn enhances the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, stimulates the synthesis of collagen, promoting the skin repair and regeneration. RuDiOBn also inhibits collagenase.

RU26988 is a highly specific glucocorticoid receptor agonist with a very low affinity for salocorticoid receptors.

RU 26752 is a steroid hormone receptor antagonist. RU 26752 can prevent hypertension caused by aldosterone with antitumor activity. HYS-072 induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and suppresses tumor growth in vivo in xenograft models by modulating autophagy-related pathways. HYS-072 can be used in the research of triple-negative breast cancer.

RS-57067 is a COX-2 inhibitor with a Ki of 16.9 μM. RS-57067 reduces the production of prostaglandins (such as PGE2) by inhibiting COX-2, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response. RS-57067 can be used in the research of inflammatory and immune diseases.

ROS inducer 9 (compound 4e) is an antibacterial agent with a MIC value of 0.25 μg/mL against E. coli. ROS inducer 9 kills bacteria by inhibiting GSH activity and increasing ROS levels. ROS inducer 9 shows low toxicity to erythrocytes and RAW 264.7 cells.

Rofleponide 21-palmitate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.

Rocavorexant is the antagonist for orexin-1 receptor with pIC50 of 9.1 for human OX1 (while pIC50 for human OX2 is 6.0).