6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is an important precursor for the synthesis of ?-lactam antibiotics. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid is the main product of Penicillin G (PenG) hydrolyzed by penicillin acylase (PA).

3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Threonine (H-D-Thr-OH) is an enantiomer of L-threonine. D-Threonine is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

p-Tolualdehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Methylanisole (4-Methoxytoluene) is food flavoring agent and can be naturally found in Ylang Ylang fragrance oil.

Isoquinoline is an analog of?pyridine. Isoquinoline structural-based alkaloids, such as tropoloisoquinoline, phthalideisoquinoline, and naphthylisoquinoline has anti-cancer activities.

2-Methylacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Ethylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

1,5,5-Trimethylhydantoin (TMH) is a non-isotopic internal standard (IS).

Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite.

DL-Tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.

TMPD dihydrochloride, a readily oxidizable compound, is an enzymatically convert redox active substrate molecule. TMPD dihydrochloride is also an electron donor and serves as a reducing cosubstrate for heme peroxidases. TMPD dihydrochloride is also a complex IV substrate.

Muramic acid is a component in many Gram-positive bacterial cell walls, as marker for Gram-positive bacteria.

Monobenzyl phthalate (2-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid) is the urinary metabolite exposuring to phthalates, such as, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).

Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) possesses anesthetic effect. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is common used to immobilize fish for marking or transport and to suppress sensory systems during invasive procedures.

Methyl palmitoleate ((Z)-Methyl hexadec-9-enoate), a fatty acid methyl ester, is an analogue of Palmitoleate with cytoprotective and growth-promoting properties.

Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via?p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.

Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis.

Pelargonidin chloride is a scavenger of nitric oxide radical and has antioxidant activities.

Benzyl butyl phthalate, a member of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), can trigger the migration and invasion of hemangioma (HA) cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Benzyl butyl phthalate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells to stimulate SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling and enhances formation of metastasis-initiating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).

Phytosphingosine is a?phospholipid and has anti-cancer activities. Phytosphingosine induces cell apoptosis via caspase 8 activation and Bax translocation in cancer cells.

Cinchonine hydrochloride ((8R,9S)-Cinchonine hydrochloride) is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark. Cinchonine hydrochloride activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells.

Fenbendazole sulfone (Oxfendazole sulfone;FBZ-SO2) is a minor metabolite of Fenbendazole in plasma and is a benzimidazole anthelmintic agent.

Danofloxacin-d3 is deuterium labeled Danofloxacin. Danofloxacin is a third generation fluoroquinolone and orally active antimicrobial agent. Danofloxacin shows a broad spectrum of activity against most Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia species, and plays an antimicrobial role by inhibition of bacterial DNA-gyrase.

Dodecamethylpentasiloxane is a component of siloxanes and can be used as silicone oil. Dodecamethylpentasiloxane exhibits insecticidal activity against bed bug.

Pamoic acid disodium is a potent GPR35 agonist with an EC50 value of 79 nM. Pamoic acid disodium induces GPR35 internalization and activates ERK1/2 with EC50 values of 22 nM and 65 nM, respectively. Pamoic acid disodium potently recruits β-arrestin2 to GPR35 and has an antinociceptive effect.

cis-3-Hexen-1-ol ((Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol) is a green grassy smelling compound found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is widely used as an added flavor in processed food to provide a fresh green quality. cis-3-Hexen-1-ol is an attractant to various insects.

Tetrahydrothiophen-3-one is an endogenous metabolite.

2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone is a flavouring substance without genotoxicity.